Perfluoroalkyl acids in surface waters and tapwater in the Qiantang River watershed—Influences from paper, textile, and leather industries

Prenatal exposure and transplacental transfer of perfluoroalkyl substance isomers in participants from the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

“…Hangzhou is a well-known papermaking industrial base with severe pollution of PFOA (Lu et al, 2017;; Wuhan has been a famous production base of the fluorochemical industry since the 1960s with a tremendous amount of PFOS detected in dust (Wang et al, 2010). Comparing the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the water in these cities, we found that the PFOA concentration (mean: 85 ng/L) greatly surpassed PFOS (mean: 2.3 ng/L) in the surface water of Hangzhou (Lu et al, 2017); in the surface water of Wuhan, the PFOS concentration (Geomean: 4.9 ng/L) exceeded the PFOA concentration (Geomean: 3.5 ng/L) (Jin et al, 2006); in the tap water of Mianyang, the concentration of PFOS was very close to that of PFOA (Fang et al, 2018). These distributions were in line with the results in the present study, where PFOA was predominant in Hangzhou, PFOS was the highest in Wuhan, and PFOA was similar to PFOS in Mianyang in terms of the concentrations in maternal serum.…”

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese drinking water: risk assessment and geographical distribution

“…These PFAS monitoring activities have revealed different pollution levels of PFASs in a range of cities. The PFAS levels are associated with pollution source, economic activities and factor, population density and development of water treatment [34]. In addition, China has not yet conducted a national census-like PFAS monitoring in drinking water.…”

Distributions and sources of traditional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances among multiple environmental media in the Qiantang River watershed, China

“…S1 †), and the PFASs in the atmosphere at areas D1 and D2 were transported over long distances with air and particulate matter, resulting in an increased concentration of PFASs in PM 2.5 in this area. 31,42 There are a large number of textile, chemical bre, and tannery factories near site 38, but the concentrations of SPFASs at this site were relatively low, mainly because the clean air from the ocean (Fig. S1 †) reduced the concentration of PFASs in PM 2.5 in this area.…”

“…43 HFPO-DA and PFOA are derived from industrial emulsication of uoropolymers, ame retardation of textiles, rubber emulsication, food packaging, and paper surface treatment. 2,31,45 PFHxA is used as a water repellent in the textile, paper, and leather industries, and PFHpA is mainly used as a surfactant. 31,46 PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnA are mainly derived from the emissions from the production of peruorocarboxylic acids and intermediates.…”