Perfluorinated Compounds’ Analysis, Environmental Fate and Occurrence: The Llobregat River as Case Study

Llorca, Marta; Pérez, Francisca; Farré, Marinella; Picó, Yolanda; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1007/698_2012_147

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Treated drinking water surveys of Spanish municipal waters were carried out in different metropolitan areas of the country (Ericson et al, 2008(Ericson et al, , 2009Llorca et al, 2012aLlorca et al, , 2012b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in N.E. Spanish surface waters and their removal in a drinking water treatment plant that combines conventional and advanced treatments in parallel lines

Flores

Ventura

Martín-Alonso

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

172

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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two emerging contaminants that have been detected in all environmental compartments. However, while most of the studies in the literature deal with their presence or removal in wastewater treatment, few of them are devoted to their detection in treated drinking water and fate during drinking water treatment. In this study, analyses of PFOS and PFOA have been carried out in river water samples and in the different stages of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) which has recently improved its conventional treatment process by adding ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in a parallel treatment line. Conventional and advanced treatments have been studied in several pilot plants and in the DWTP, which offers the opportunity to compare both treatments operating simultaneously. From the results obtained, neither preoxidation, sand filtration, nor ozonation, removed both perfluorinated compounds. As advanced treatments, reverse osmosis has proved more effective than reverse electrodialysis to remove PFOA and PFOS in the different configurations of pilot plants assayed. Granular activated carbon with an average elimination efficiency of 64±11% and 45±19% for PFOS and PFOA, respectively and especially reverse osmosis, which was able to remove ≥99% of both compounds, were the sole effective treatment steps. Trace levels of PFOS (3.0-21 ng/L) and PFOA (<4.2-5.5 ng/L) detected in treated drinking water were significantly lowered in comparison to those measured in precedent years. These concentrations represent overall removal efficiencies of 89±22% for PFOA and 86±7% for PFOS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in N.E. Spanish surface waters and their removal in a drinking water treatment plant that combines conventional and advanced treatments in parallel lines

Flores

Ventura

Martín-Alonso

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

172

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“…Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with eight or more fluorinated carbons bioaccumulate more readily than shorter chain PFCAs, while perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) are more bioaccumulative than PFCAs if carbon chain length is held constant. , However, complicating PFAS bioaccumulation are competing environmental transport mechanisms, including adsorption to other organic materials and partitioning between sediment and water. For example, longer-chain PFAS (i.e., perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, C 10 ), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA, C 11 ), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA, C 12 )) adhere to organic material and preferentially partition to sediment . Additionally, the length of the carbon chain is inversely proportional to water solubility. , PFAS are proteinophilic and typically found in higher concentrations in blood, liver, and kidney .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Offloading of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Eggs by Lake Michigan Salmonids

Conard

Whitehead

Harris

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) distribute and bioaccumulate within aquatic organisms and food webs. Many PFAS are proteinophilic compounds that display higher concentrations in the blood, liver, and kidney of vertebrates than in muscle. Several studies have shown that birds and mammals exhibit maternal offloading of PFAS to offspring through transport to the placenta, milk, and egg deposition, but no study to date has observed maternal offloading in fish. We analyzed PFAS concentrations in muscle tissue and eggs with targeted LC-MS/MS for sexually mature Lake Michigan salmonids including Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead trout. In eggs, 83% of measured total PFAS concentrations were perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) compared to only 23% in female muscle and 55% in male muscle. Higher detection frequencies and concentrations for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were observed in eggs compared to muscle tissue, consistent with maternal offloading of PFOS to eggs. In contrast, maternal offloading of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was not observed. We conclude that salmonids can bioaccumulate and offload PFAS to embryos, which has implications for embryo health, egg predation by fish and wildlife, and ultimately human exposure.

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“…29 PFHpA in human blood ranged from nondetectable to 0.4 ng mL −1 in U.S. populations surveyed between 1999 and 2011. 30 Cytotoxicity of PFHpA in a marine bacterium, rat cell lines, and human liver cells ranked between PFHxA and PFOA.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PFHpA ranged from 1.7 to 43 ng L −1 in activated sludge of WWTPs, up to 7.5 ng g −1 in river sediment, and up to 30 ng L −1 in surface water. 29 PFHpA in human blood ranged from nondetectable to 0.4 ng mL −1 in U.S. populations surveyed between 1999 and 2011. 30 Cytotoxicity of PFHpA in a marine bacterium, rat cell lines, and human liver cells ranked between PFHxA and PFOA.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerobic Soil Biotransformation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Iodide

Ruan

Szostek

Folsom

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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6:2 FTI [F(CF 2 ) 6 CH 2 CH 2 I] is a principal industrial raw material used to manufacture 6:2 FTOH [F(CF 2 ) 6 CH 2 CH 2 OH] and 6:2 FTOH-based products and could enter aerobic environments from possible industrial emissions where it is manufactured. This is the first study to assess 6:2 FTI aerobic soil biotransformation, quantify transformation products, and elucidate its biotransformation pathways. 6:2 FTI biotransformation led to 6:2 FTOH as a key intermediate, which was subsequently biotransformed to other significant transformation products, including PFPeA [F-(CF 2 ) 4 COOH, 20 mol % at day 91], 5:3 acid [F-(CF 2 ) 5 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, 16 mol %], PFHxA [F(CF 2 ) 5 COOH, 3.8 mol %], and 4:3 acid [F(CF 2 ) 4 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, 3.0 mol %]. 6:2 FTI biotransformation also led to a significant level of PFHpA [F(CF 2 ) 6 COOH, 16 mol % at day 91], perhaps via another putative intermediate, 6:2 FTUI [F(CF 2 ) 6 CHCHI],whose molecular identity and further biotransformation were not verified because of the lack of an authentic standard. Total recovery of the aforementioned per-and polyfluorocarboxylates accounted for 59 mol % of initially applied 6:2 FTI by day 91, in comparison to 56 mol % when soil was dosed with 6:2 FTOH, which did not lead to PFHpA. Thus, were 6:2 FTI to be released from its manufacture and undergo soil microbial biotransformation, it could form PFPeA, PFHpA, PFHxA, 5:3 acid, and 4:3 acid in the environment.

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Perfluorinated Compounds’ Analysis, Environmental Fate and Occurrence: The Llobregat River as Case Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 110 publications

Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in N.E. Spanish surface waters and their removal in a drinking water treatment plant that combines conventional and advanced treatments in parallel lines

Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in N.E. Spanish surface waters and their removal in a drinking water treatment plant that combines conventional and advanced treatments in parallel lines

Maternal Offloading of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Eggs by Lake Michigan Salmonids

Aerobic Soil Biotransformation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Iodide

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