Perfluorinated Compounds: An Overview

Lau, Christopher

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_1

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 164 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…73 In animal studies, PFAS have been shown to have a variety of similar toxicological effects including liver toxicity, suppressed immune function, altered mammary gland development, obesity, and cancer. 74,75 The concordance between endpoints identified in animal studies and human studies, most notably effects on liver, kidney, fetal growth and development, and suppression of the immune system, add confidence to the findings. 76,77 Based on these studies in humans and animals, some government agencies have established allowable levels of PFOA and PFOS in drinking water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in a cohort of women firefighters and office workers in San Francisco

Trowbridge

Gerona

Lin

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Studies in male firefighters have demonstrated increased exposures to carcinogenic compounds and increased rates of certain cancers compared to the general population. Many chemicals related to these occupational exposures have been associated with breast tumor development in animal and human studies, yet, there have been no studies on women firefighters due to their low numbers in most fire departments. To address this data gap, the Women Firefighters Biomonitoring Collaborative (WFBC) created a biological sample archive and analyzed levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) among women firefighters and office workers in San Francisco. Methods: Active duty women firefighters (n=86) and office workers (n=84) were recruited from the San Francisco Fire Department and the City and County of San Francisco, respectively. Serum samples were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) to measure and compare PFAS levels between firefighters and office workers. For PFAS congeners detected in at least 70% of our study population, we examined differences in serum PFAS levels controlling for dietary, demographic and other confounders. Among firefighters, we assessed associations between occupational activities and PFAS levels. Results: Eight of 12 PFAS congeners were detected at levels above the limit of detection and seven were detected in at least 70% of the study population. Four PFAS were detected in all study participants (PFNA, PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS). In regression models comparing PFAS levels by occupation and adjusting for potential confounders, firefighters had higher geometric mean (GM) concentrations of PFAS compared to office workers: 2.39 (95%CI = 1.64,3.48), 2.32 (95% CI = 1.17,4.62) and 1.26 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.59) times higher for PFHxS, PFUnDA and PFNA, respectively. In analyses limited to firefighters, PFAS levels varied by assigned position in the fire department. Firefighters and officers had higher PFNA, PFOA, PFDA, and PFUnDA compared to drivers. Additionally, firefighters who reported having used firefighting foam had higher concentrations of PFOA compared firefighters who reported never having used foam. Conclusion: Our study found ubiquitous exposures to PFAS among WFBC participants, with women firefighters exposed to higher levels of some PFAS compared to office workers, suggesting that some of these exposures may be occupationally related.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in a cohort of women firefighters and office workers in San Francisco

Trowbridge

Gerona

Lin

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Shorter chains have been reported to have a higher uptake in lettuce leaves, while longer chain PFASs are found primarily in the roots (Blaine et al 2014 ). Furthermore, shorter chain PFASs have been shown to absorb into the liver more readily than those with longer ones which are concentrated in the blood proteins (Lau 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of contamination of surface-, ground-, and drinking water in Sweden by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)

Banzhaf

Filipovic²,

Lewis

et al. 2016

Ambio

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are found in aquatic systems, flora, and fauna worldwide. These potentially harmful compounds are also frequently detected in Sweden and have already resulted in severe problems for public drinking water supply, i.e., some wells had to be closed due to high PFAS concentrations both in raw water and produced drinking water. Knowledge on PFAS occurrence in Sweden is still quite low, although monitoring is currently ongoing. This work describes potential sources for PFASs to enter the drinking water supply in Sweden and compares different occurrences of PFASs in raw and drinking water in the country. Moreover, the monitoring history, the legal situation, and remediation actions taken are presented. Finally, future challenges and the way forward in Sweden are discussed.

show abstract

“…octane with surface tension 22 dyn cm -1 at 20 °C). 6,17 58 However, PFASs have been ubiquitously identified within wildlife, humans and found across 59 the world in the environment; 18,19 they are criticized as being toxic, carcinogenic and persistent 60 within the environment. [20][21][22] Of high regulatory interest are long-chain PFASs: perfluoroalkyl 61 carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with seven or more fluorinated carbons (CnF2n+1COOH; n ≥ 7), for 62 example perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 1); and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) with six 63 or more fluorinated carbons (CnF2n+1SO3H; n ≥ 6), for example perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 64 (PFOS; 2).…”

Section: Introduction 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of PFAS chemistry in outdoor apparel and the impact on repellency performance

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intensifying legislation and increased research on the toxicological and persistent nature of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have recently influenced the direction of liquid repellent chemistry use; environmental, social, and sustainability responsibilities are at the crux. Without PFAS chemistry, it is challenging to meet current textile industry liquid repellency requirements, which is a highly desirable property, particularly in outdoor apparel where the technology helps to provide the wearer with essential protection from adverse environmental conditions. Herein, complexities between required functionality, legislation and sustainability within outdoor apparel are discussed, and fundamental technical performance of commercially available long-chain (C8) PFASs, shorter-chain (C6) PFASs, and non-fluorinated repellent chemistries finishes are evaluated comparatively. Non-fluorinated finishes provided no oil repellency, and were clearly inferior in this property to PFAS-finished fabrics that demonstrated good oil-resistance. However, water repellency ratings were similar across the range of all finished fabrics tested, all demonstrating a high level of resistance to wetting, and several non-fluorinated repellent fabrics provide similar water repellency to long-chain (C8) PFAS or shorter-chain (C6) PFAS finished fabrics. The primary repellency function required in outdoor apparel is water repellency, and we would propose that the use of PFAS chemistry for such garments is over-engineering, providing oil repellency that is in excess of user requirements. Accordingly, significant environmental and toxicological benefits could be achieved by switching outdoor apparel to non-fluorinated finishes without a significant reduction in garment water-repellency performance. These conclusions are being supported by further research into the effect of laundering, abrasion and ageing of these fabrics.

show abstract

Perfluorinated Compounds: An Overview

Cited by 36 publications

References 164 publications

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in a cohort of women firefighters and office workers in San Francisco

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in a cohort of women firefighters and office workers in San Francisco

A review of contamination of surface-, ground-, and drinking water in Sweden by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)

Substitution of PFAS chemistry in outdoor apparel and the impact on repellency performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About