Perfluorinated alkylated substances and brominated flame retardants in serum of the Czech adult population

Sochorová, Lenka; Hanzlíková, Lenka; Černá, Milena; Drgáčová, Anna; Fialová, Alena; Švarcová, Andrea; Gramblicka, Tomas; Pulkrabová, Jana

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.003

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The study of Lauritzen et al [49], analyzing perfluoroalkyl substances in the maternal serum of women in Norway and Sweden, reported on an increase of PFOS and PFOA concentrations with educational level, but this was not significant. The study of Sochorová et al [50] on the PFASs in Czech adults reported an increase in concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS with educational level, which were not (except for PFOA) to borderline significant after correction for co-variables. The Canadian MIREC study showed that for education, a significantly negative association was found between lower maternal education and PFOS concentrations ( p < 0.05), while for PFOA and PFHxS, associations were not significant [51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status

Buekers

Colles

Cornelis

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Research on the environment, health, and well-being nexus (EHWB) is shifting from a silo toward a systemic approach that includes the socio-economic context. To disentangle further the complex interplay between the socio-exposome and internal chemical exposure, we performed a meta-analysis of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies with internal exposure data on per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and detailed information on risk factors, including descriptors of socio-economic status (SES) of the study population. PFASs are persistent in nature, and some have endocrine-disrupting properties. Individual studies have shown that HBM biomarker concentrations of PFASs generally increase with SES indicators, e.g., for income. Based on a meta-analysis (five studies) of the associations between PFASs and SES indicators, the magnitude of the association could be estimated. For the SES indicator income, changes in income were expressed by a factor change, which was corrected by the Gini coefficient to take into account the differences in income categories between studies, and the income range between countries. For the SES indicator education, we had to conclude that descriptors (<college, x years of study, etc.) differed too widely between studies to perform a meta-analysis. Therefore, the use of the uniform ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) is recommended in future studies. The meta-analysis showed that a higher income is associated with a higher internal exposure to PFASs (PFOS or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOA or perfluorooctanoic acid, PFNA or perfluorononanoic acid, PFHxS or perfluorohexane sulfonate). This is opposite to the environmental justice hypothesis, referring to an inequitable distribution of detrimental environmental effects toward poor and minority communities by a practice or policy. With a doubling of the income, internal exposure increased on average by 10%–14%. Possible explanations for this difference are given, e.g., underlying differences in diet. However, other sources can also contribute, and the exact causes of SES-related differences in PFAS concentrations remain unclear. Studies are needed that include social descriptors together with lifestyle and dietary information as explanatory variables for internal chemical exposure levels. This will help clarify the underlying factors that link SES with inequity to environmental exposures, and will raise awareness and knowledge to strengthen the capacities of people and communities to advocate chemical exposure reduction in order to reduce this health inequity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status

Buekers

Colles

Cornelis

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Also in most of the individual studies contributing to calculations of medians of medians, both for adults and children, these four PFASs were predominant (e.g. Fromme et al., ; Haug et al., 2011b; Bjermo et al., ; Bao et al., ; Denys et al., ; Mørck et al., ; Bach et al., ; Hansen et al., ; Papadopoulou et al., ; Stubleski et al., ; Bartolome et al., ; Grandjean et al., 2017a; Sochorová et al., ; Timmermann et al., 2017a; Averina et al., ; Heffernan et al., ; Ingelido et al., ). As can be noted from Figure , the relative contribution of the different PFASs differs between children and adults.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pair‐wise correlations between PFAS concentrations have been assessed in several studies. Pair‐wise correlations for the four most prominent PFASs in general European populations (PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS) were summarised based on various studies (without known pronounced contamination of drinking water) from Table B.2 in Appendix B (Bao et al., ; Cariou et al., ; Hansen et al., ; Bach et al., ; Sochorová et al., ; Ingelido et al., (non‐exposed subjects)). High correlations indicate similar exposure pathways among PFASs, while low correlations indicate distinct exposure pathways for specific compounds.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

304

265

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS s) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFAS s: PFOA , PFNA , PFH xS and PFOS . These made up half of the lower bound ( LB ) exposure to those PFAS s with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFAS s with short half‐lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFAS s included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4‐ to 49‐fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’ contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/ mL for the sum of the four PFAS s in serum was identified for 1‐year‐old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/ mL in children was estimated to correspond to long‐term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake ( TWI ) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI , which is of concern.

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“…PFOA has strong carbon–fluorine bonds which makes it a highly persistent compound, and its bioaccumulation may eventually lead to adverse health effects [ 13 ]. Public concern of PFOA has increased since its detection in blood serum and breast milk of humans [ 14 , 15 ]. PFOA levels may remain high for an extended period of time owing to their long half-life of 2 to 3 years in human serum [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on the Epigenetic and Tight Junction Genes of the Mouse Intestine

Rashid

Ahmad

Irudayaraj

2020

Toxics

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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been implicated in various toxicities including neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, epigenetic toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. However, information on the accumulation of PFOA in the intestine and its toxic effects on intestinal epigenetics and tight junction (TJ) genes is sparse. CD1 mice were dosed with PFOA (1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, and its accumulation and induced alterations in the expression of epigenetic and tight junction genes in the small intestine and colon were evaluated using LC–MS and qPCR techniques. PFOA reduced the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b) primarily in the small intestine whereas, in the colon, a decrease was observed only at high concentrations. Moreover, ten-eleven translocation genes (Tet2 and Tet3) expression was dysregulated in the small intestine, whereas in the colon Tets remained unaffected. The tight junction genes Claudins (Cldn), Occludin (Ocln), and Tight Junction Protein (Tjp) were also heavily altered in the small intestine. TJs responded differently across the gut, in proportion to PFOA dosing. Our study reveals that PFOA triggers DNA methylation changes and alters the expression of genes essential for maintaining the physical barrier of intestine, with more profound effects in the small intestine compared to the colon.

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Perfluorinated alkylated substances and brominated flame retardants in serum of the Czech adult population

Cited by 40 publications

References 60 publications

Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status

Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Effect of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on the Epigenetic and Tight Junction Genes of the Mouse Intestine

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