Perfluorinated alkyl substances in Spanish adults: Geographical distribution and determinants of exposure

Serum Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Adolescents and Young Adults Exposed to Contaminated Drinking Water in the Veneto Region, Italy: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on a Health Surveillance Program

“…Relative to the 14-19 years of age group, estimated mean concentrations of PFOA decreased with age until the 35-39 years of age group, in whom the concentration was not significantly different from that of the youngest group. This pattern is consistent with the J-shaped curve that was observed in the Mid-Ohio Valley population (Steenland et al 2009;Frisbee et al 2009) and also in the general population (Bartolomé et al 2017). The explanation of this age-related pattern is unclear; however, we hypothesize that children may have a higher daily proportional intake of PFOA due to their higher proportional intake of water in comparison with that of adults.…”

“…This gender difference has been consistently reported across studies (Calafat et al 2007;Hölzer et al 2008;Frisbee et al 2009;Ingelido et al 2010;Ingelido et al 2018) but its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Pregnancy, delivery, and lactation are known excretion routes for women (Kärrman et al 2007;Zhang T et al 2013;Mondal et al 2014;Cariou et al 2015;Manzano-Salgado et al 2015), and previous childbirth and breastfeeding have been inversely associated with serum PFAS in several studies (Brantsaeter et al 2013;Lauritzen et al 2016;Manzano-Salgado et al 2016;Bartolomé et al 2017). This finding is confirmed in the present study where serum concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS progressively decreased with increasing number of previous deliveries.…”

“…Thereafter, continuing exposure may lead to a progressive increase in internal dose from mid-adulthood onward. For PFOS and PFHxS, on the contrary, serum levels tended to increase with age in our young population, suggesting progressive bioaccumulation across the lifespan, as shown in other studies (Bartolomé et al 2017).…”

“…The concentrations of all the three PFAS increased with alcohol intake. We think these associations should be taken cautiously because previous studies have shown varying results (Steenland et al 2009;Nelson et al 2010;Brantsaeter et al 2013;Lauritzen et al 2016;Manzano-Salgado et al 2016;Bartolomé et al 2017;Lee et al 2017), and the mechanisms are unclear.…”

Removal of recalcitrant compounds from water using synthetic hydrotalcites

“…PFAS were detected in different environmental matrices (i.e., surface water bodies, air, sludge, and sediments) (Lau et al, 2007;Li et al, 2020) and drinking water supply networks around the world. For instance, PFAS were found in China and Japan (Mak et al, 2009;Taniyasu et al, 2003), Spain (Bartolomé et al, 2017;Ericson et al, 2008;Sánchez-Avila et al, 2010), Canada (Kaboré et al, 2018),…”