Abstract:Croton urucurana Baillon, popularly known as "sangria d'água", belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. The species has a great importance in folk medicine as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antiviral, antidiarrheal, intestinal antisecretory and cicatrizant remedies. The objective of this study was to verify the presence, in the aqueous, ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts, of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins), an… Show more
“…The type of solvent and the concentration are relevant factors that can influence the extraction of metabolites (Andreo and Jorge 2006). Silva et al (2017a) verified that there were differences in the results when they compared different types of extracts (solvent: distilled water; alcoholic solvent: absolute ethanol; and hydroalcoholic solvent: water and absolute ethanol (1: 1)).…”
The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) submitted to different extracts with different concentrations of leaves of the native forest species: Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart (Burseraceae), Metrodorea flavida K. Krause (Rutaceae) and Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) AC Sm (Celastraceae) under laboratory conditions. Adults of Aphis craccivora were collected in Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunthe Walp. (Fabaceae), and separated into groups of ten individuals, transferred to Petri dishes and exposed to topical application of aqueous, alcoholic and leaf infusion extracts of Cheiloclinium cognatum, Metrodorea flavida and Tetragastris altissima. The extracts were applied at concentrations of: 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15%, with 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), using a control treatment 1 (distilled water + DMSO 1%) and control treatment 2 (fipronil). Evaluations were performed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application of the extracts by counting the dead insects. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates, three types of extracts and five concentrations with controls. In all the studied species, the aqueous and infusion extracts presented a lower mortality (less than 52%), whereas the alcoholic extract in higher concentrations of Cheiloclinium cognatum, Metrodorea flavida showed a mortality of up to 100%. The species Tetragastris altissima reached an average mortality of 92%. The lethal concentration for the alcoholic extract of Cheiloclinium cognatum was LC50 6.43% and LC90 12.22%, Metrodorea flavida LC50 was 3.08% and LC90 7.05% and that for Tetragastris altissima LC50 5.58% and LC90 17.47%, after 72 hours. The use of the alcoholic extract of the species Metrodorea flavida at a concentration of 9% in the control of Aphis craccivora is indicated.
“…The type of solvent and the concentration are relevant factors that can influence the extraction of metabolites (Andreo and Jorge 2006). Silva et al (2017a) verified that there were differences in the results when they compared different types of extracts (solvent: distilled water; alcoholic solvent: absolute ethanol; and hydroalcoholic solvent: water and absolute ethanol (1: 1)).…”
The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) submitted to different extracts with different concentrations of leaves of the native forest species: Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart (Burseraceae), Metrodorea flavida K. Krause (Rutaceae) and Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) AC Sm (Celastraceae) under laboratory conditions. Adults of Aphis craccivora were collected in Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunthe Walp. (Fabaceae), and separated into groups of ten individuals, transferred to Petri dishes and exposed to topical application of aqueous, alcoholic and leaf infusion extracts of Cheiloclinium cognatum, Metrodorea flavida and Tetragastris altissima. The extracts were applied at concentrations of: 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15%, with 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), using a control treatment 1 (distilled water + DMSO 1%) and control treatment 2 (fipronil). Evaluations were performed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application of the extracts by counting the dead insects. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates, three types of extracts and five concentrations with controls. In all the studied species, the aqueous and infusion extracts presented a lower mortality (less than 52%), whereas the alcoholic extract in higher concentrations of Cheiloclinium cognatum, Metrodorea flavida showed a mortality of up to 100%. The species Tetragastris altissima reached an average mortality of 92%. The lethal concentration for the alcoholic extract of Cheiloclinium cognatum was LC50 6.43% and LC90 12.22%, Metrodorea flavida LC50 was 3.08% and LC90 7.05% and that for Tetragastris altissima LC50 5.58% and LC90 17.47%, after 72 hours. The use of the alcoholic extract of the species Metrodorea flavida at a concentration of 9% in the control of Aphis craccivora is indicated.
“…Light and oxygen directly interfere with the stability of substances because they form free radicals that give rise to oxidation-reduction reactions, causing changes in the active substances. These products should primarily be stored in low light environments and with the addition of antioxidants (Brasil, 2004;Silva et al, 2017). Some stability problems are observed in formulations with the drug ketoconazole.…”
The stability of pharmaceuticals is influenced by several factors, directly related to the product, or to environmental factors, such as the presence of light and oxygen. Ketoconazole is an antifungal drug of the azole class that is prone to degradation processes, such as oxidation and hydrolysis, changing from white to pink, suggesting the formation of degradation products. Capuchin (Tropaeolum majus L.) is a species of pharmacological interest due to its phytochemical composition; it is rich in vitamin C and flavonoids with known antioxidant activity. The objective of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of capuchin hydroethanolic extracts and evaluate their influence on the stability of ketoconazole. For the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts, the DPPH radical was used. Different ketoconazole gel formulations were manipulated and subjected to a stability study to compare the antioxidant efficiency of the extract and sodium metabisulphite by analyzing the samples by ultraviolet scanning. Microbiological assays were performed to evaluate the activity of ketoconazole against the fungus Candida albicans. The extract solution presented antioxidant activity equivalent to a 12.71 μg/mL metabisulfite solution, and a 0.085 μg metabisulfite/μg extract ratio was calculated. In the spectrophotometric analysis, it was observed that the absorption spectrum of the extractcontaining formulation presented differently from the others, with a possible advantage in relation to the synthetic antioxidant. In the microbiological analysis, only the samples that remained at room temperature formed an inhibition halo. Thus, the potential of a natural active was evaluated, representing a possible alternative for application in pharmaceutical formulations.
“…Chemically, Croton stands out for the production of diterpenes (MACIEL et al, 2006;PIZZOLATTI et al, 2013). Other secondary metabolites include triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids (CANELO et al, 2017;SANTOS et al, 2015;RAVANELLI et al, 2016;ALVES et al;. A broad biological action is attributed to these metabolites and to extracts and/or fractions obtained from species of the genus, such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, mutagenic and antimicrobial activities (AQUINO et al, 2017;SANTOS et al, 2015;ALMEIDA et al, 2019).…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.