Perfektionismus und seine vielfältigen psychischen Folgen

Spitzer, Nils

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47476-1

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The accessibility and appropriateness of perfectionistic thoughts could therefore be examined socratically (e.g., by adopting other people's perspectives, comparing standards from different areas of life, or developing a dialogue with the "inner critic") as well as instrumentally (e.g., by weighing up advantages and disadvantages or imaginative exercises in order to emphasize negative consequences like loss of time and pleasure, neglect of other important goals). Newly acquired alternative cognitions may be transferred into everyday action by means of exercises to set fixed time targets for activities affected by perfectionism, to gradually reduce the perfectionistic demands for such an activity and to deliberately commit minor mistakes (e.g., typing errors in an e-mail) while observing the consequences (Egan et al 2014;Flett and Hewitt 2002;Spitzer 2016). Moreover, challenging the intense self-criticism and the over-dependency of self-worth on striving and achievement (e.g., "I have to be competent and successful in all tasks I face in order to feel valuable", "The better I work, the better I am"), which goes hand in hand with maladaptive and, in particular, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (Flett et al 2003;Sturman et al 2009), is an particularly important target of cognitive strategies.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, challenging the intense self-criticism and the over-dependency of self-worth on striving and achievement (e.g., "I have to be competent and successful in all tasks I face in order to feel valuable", "The better I work, the better I am"), which goes hand in hand with maladaptive and, in particular, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (Flett et al 2003;Sturman et al 2009), is an particularly important target of cognitive strategies. It is not a question of raising a permanently low self-esteem, but of broadly enhancing a solely success-dependent self-esteem (differentiation of the dysfunctional scheme of self-evaluation) and skillfully managing it (e.g., by pie charts, downward comparisons, "arm's length" view or perspective of a loving companion instead of critic) and making it less dependent on circumstances in the sense of unconditional self-acceptance (Egan et al 2014;Spitzer 2016).…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defense positions associated with perfectionism (e.g., intellectualization) may impede real emotional involvement and exchange with the counselor (Hewitt et al 2017a). Their strong tendency to Socially prescribed Perfectionism is also a predictor of low tolerance to the stigma of psychological help and may negatively affect selfdisclosure and help-seeking attitudes (Spitzer 2016;Hewitt et al 2017b). Critical to the prevention and alleviation of these potential treatment problems is the counselor's awareness and management of the client's interpersonal sensitivity and behaviors as well as his or her corresponding emotional responses (i.e., countertransference, see Hewitt et al 2017b).…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Never good enough: The relation between the impostor phenomenon and multidimensional perfectionism

2020

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The Impostor Phenomenon can be described as the tendency to attribute professional success not to one's own abilities but to excessive effort or fortunate external circumstances. Individuals strongly experiencing those tendencies fear that one day they will be exposed as "impostors" as soon as their alleged incompetence can no longer be concealed. Typical characteristics of the Impostor Phenomenon outlined by Clance (1985) show a remarkable conceptual similarity to the personality construct of perfectionism. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating how the Impostor Phenomenon is related to various facets of dispositional perfectionism with respect to predominant conceptualizations of perfectionism by Frost et al. (1990), Hewitt and Flett (1991), as well as their combination within the bifactor model of Perfectionistic Strivings and Perfectionistic Concerns (Frost et al. 1993). A total of N = 274 individuals participated in an online survey including the Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS; Clance 1988), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; Frost et al. 1990), and the Hewitt und Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS short form; Hewitt et al. 2008). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine the differential contributions of perfectionism dimensions and factors in predicting the Impostor Phenomenon. The perfectionism dimensions Doubts about Actions, Concern over Mistakes and Socially prescribed Perfectionism appeared to be efficient predictors of the Impostor Phenomenon. Contrary to Perfectionistic Strivings, Perfectionistic Concerns as a maladaptive perfectionism factor strongly contributed to the prediction of the Impostor Phenomenon. Theoretical and practical implications of the associations between the Impostor Phenomenon and multidimensional perfectionism are discussed.

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Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Never good enough: The relation between the impostor phenomenon and multidimensional perfectionism

2020

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“…Furthermore, in clinical perfectionism this style of self-evaluation and the associated striving persist despite negative consequences. Maladaptive perfectionism is associated with consequences such as strong self-criticism, fear of negative evaluations and failure, various behavioral problems (such as excessive rechecking or procrastination), and increased stress (also in terms of increased cortisol secretion) in response to psychosocial stressors [Shafran et al, 2002;Wirtz et al, 2007;Rice et al, 2012;Spitzer, 2016].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2024

Verhaltenstherapie

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Background: Perfectionism represents an important transdiagnostic predisposing and maintaining factor in a number of psychological disorders. Moreover, perfectionism can complicate the treatment of psychological disorders and contribute to treatment resistance. In the present article, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions to reduce perfectionistic patterns are explained. In addition, specifics of the therapeutic relationship with perfectionists as well as the etiology and possible functionalities of perfectionistic patterns are discussed. Summary: The effectiveness of classical CBT interventions for reducing perfectionism has been demonstrated in a number of studies. Recent research furthermore points to the (potential) benefit of interventions that fall into the third wave of CBT (such as mindfulnessbased, schema therapeutic or self-compassion-based approaches) -however, there is still a lack of studies with sufficient methodological quality. Key Messages: While a number of different CBT approaches are available for the treatment of perfectionism, future studies should increasingly examine which interventions are particularly indicated for which patient characteristics.

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“…Setting ambitious goals and performing ideally is highly esteemed and desired, particularly in Western society; consequently, a certain degree of perfectionism is almost taken for granted (Spitzer, 2016) and substantially relates to engagement and motivation (Harari et al, 2018). However, Forbes' (2018) article "Overcoming the leadership perfection problem" (Britcher, 2018) suggests that perfectionism may be a key problem for leadership.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Perfect Leader, Perfect Leadership?” Linking Leaders’ Perfectionism to Monitoring, Transformational, and Servant Leadership Behavior

2021

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Despite the growing interest in perfectionism and its many facets, there is a lack of research on this phenomenon in the context of leadership. Attending to this deficit, the present study is the first to investigate the relationship between the three facets of perfectionism (self-oriented, socially prescribed, and other-oriented perfectionism) and three types of self-rated leadership behavior. In Study 1 (N = 182), leaders’ perfectionism and its association to their organizational, goal-oriented leadership behavior—self-rated as transactional (management by exception) and transformational leadership—is explored. In Study 2 (N = 185), the relationship of leaders’ perfectionism to their servant leadership as a people-centered leadership behavior is investigated. In line with the perfectionism social disconnection model (PSDM), we assume other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism to be positively related to management by exception (i.e., monitoring behavior) and negatively related to transformational and servant leadership, whereas the opposite pattern is primarily predicted for self-oriented perfectionism. Our findings in Study 1 reveal a negative relationship between leaders’ self-oriented perfectionism as well as positive relationships to their other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in management by exception, while no substantial correlations with transformational leadership have emerged. In Study 2, a negative association between other-oriented perfectionism and the forgiveness dimension of servant leadership is revealed, indicating a possible barrier to building interpersonal relationships of acceptance and trust. Additionally, self-oriented perfectionism has been proven to be a rather favorable trait in servant leadership.

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Perfektionismus und seine vielfältigen psychischen Folgen

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Never good enough: The relation between the impostor phenomenon and multidimensional perfectionism

Never good enough: The relation between the impostor phenomenon and multidimensional perfectionism

Zum Titelbild

“Perfect Leader, Perfect Leadership?” Linking Leaders’ Perfectionism to Monitoring, Transformational, and Servant Leadership Behavior

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