Perfectionism and eating disorders: Current status and future directions

Examining a psychosocial interactive model of binge eating and vomiting in women with bulimia nervosa and subthreshold bulimia nervosa

“…The current findings further support the importance of both maladaptive and adaptive dimensions of perfectionism in relation to bulimic symptoms among those with bulimia nervosa (Bardone-Cone et al, 2007;Lilenfeld et al, 2000). Thus, a more descriptive term like "high personal standards" or "achievement striving" rather than a valueladen term may be appropriate for the "adaptive" dimension.…”

How perfectionism and ineffectiveness influence growth of eating disorder risk in young adolescent girls

“…Systematic reviews suggest that perfectionism is a risk factor for eating disorders (Bardone-Cone et al, 2007;Jacobi, Hayward, de Zwaan, Kraemer, & Agras, 2004;Shafran & Mansell, 2001;Stice, 2002;Egan, Wade, & Shafran, 2011). Factor analysis of the most common multidimensional perfectionism measures, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenbalate, 1990) and the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (1991), distinguishes two higher-order factors: high personal standards, or the pursuit of high standards and goals; and self-critical evaluative concerns, involving critical self-evaluations and over-concern of others' expectations when high standards are not met (Bieling, Israeli, & Antony, 2004;Cox, Enns, & Clara, 2002).…”

“…Factor analysis of the most common multidimensional perfectionism measures, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenbalate, 1990) and the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (1991), distinguishes two higher-order factors: high personal standards, or the pursuit of high standards and goals; and self-critical evaluative concerns, involving critical self-evaluations and over-concern of others' expectations when high standards are not met (Bieling, Israeli, & Antony, 2004;Cox, Enns, & Clara, 2002). Both dimensions are considered to be of relevance to eating disorders (Bardone-Cone et al, 2007).…”

“…It has been suggested that more complex multivariate models will be required to properly understand the postulated effect of perfectionism on risk for disordered eating (Stice, 2002;Bardone-Cone et al, 2007). For example, several models involving moderation of perfectionism and growth of disordered eating have received support.…”

The perfectionism model of binge eating: Tests of an integrative model.

“…Although connected with many forms of psychopathology, the unrealistic expectations, fear of others' scrutiny, and harsh selfcriticism that characterize perfectionism appear especially conducive to disordered eating (e.g., Bardone-Cone et al, 2007;Bruch, 1979;Shafran, Cooper, & Fairburn, 2002;Stice, 2002;Vohs, Bardone, Joiner, Abramson, & Heatherton, 1999). Perfectionism is salient before, during, and after episodes of disordered eating, suggesting it is an antecedent and a concomitant, but not an epiphenomenon or a consequence, of disordered eating (Joiner, Heatherton, Rudd, & Schmidt, 1997;D.…”