Perfection of Skin Testing Technique

Voorhorst, R

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1980.tb01762.x

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…43 Recommendations have been made regarding the appropriate placement of allergen extracts. The recommended distance for skin prick testing has varied between 2 and 5 cm 44 and test sites should be marked with an appropriate code. 4 It is possible, however, for a positive reaction to enhance false-positive skin reactions at an adjacent site, even over the range of 5 cm.…”

Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 It is possible, however, for a positive reaction to enhance false-positive skin reactions at an adjacent site, even over the range of 5 cm. [43][44][45] SPT are usually performed on the volar surface of the forearm, at least 5 cm above the wrist and 3 cm below antecubital fossae, 4 the least and most reactive areas of the upper limb, respectively. The tests can also be done on the upper arm or the back, with special attention to avoid reactivity differences between locations.…”

Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin prick tests and allergy diagnosis

Antunes

Borrego

Romeira

et al. 2009

Allergologia et Immunopathologia

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Skin testing remains an essential diagnostic tool in modern allergy practice. A signifi cant variability has been reported regarding technical procedures, interpretation of results and documentation. This review has the aim of consolidating methodological recommendations through a critical analysis on past and recent data. This will allow a better understanding on skin prick test (SPT) history; technique; (contra-) indications; interpretation of results; diagnostic pitfalls; adverse reactions; and variability factors. Skin has an important physiological role in the internal balance homeostasis and constitutes a crucial barrier against external aggressions, with well-known immunological properties. 1 It has been used by allergists for decades as an easily assessed laboratory of the immunological status of the individual.The fi rst skin testing technique was developed by Charles H. Blackley in 1865, a Manchester homeopathic physician with allergic rhinitis. He abraded a quarter-inch area of his skin with a lancet and then applied grass pollen grains. 2 The so-called scratch test was later adopted by Schloss for the diagnosis of food allergy in children. 3 Epicutaneous tests can be divided into scratch tests and prick/puncture tests. The fi rst method, proposed by Blackley 2 , implied a linear scratch without drawing blood and could either be performed fi rst, with the extract then dropped on the abraded skin, or be made through a drop of extract. 4 Although it was used extensively in the past, this technique became progressively obsolete due to patient discomfort, poor reproducibility, possible residual lesions and newer and innocuous procedures. 4 Therefore, scratch test is mentioned here for historical purposes only. It was Sir Thomas Lewis who, in 1924, fi rst applied skin prick tests (SPT). 5 Nevertheless, their generalised use in clinical practice only became a reality about 30 years ago, as a result of technique modifi cations proposed by Pepys. 6 For the purpose of this review and for easier comprehension, skin testing will be referred interchangeably as SPT, whatever device is used for its application.In 1966, Ishizaka's work on immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immediate hypersensitivity reactions 7 established the scientifi c corpus to what was done till then on a strictly empiric basis.As written by Dr Walzer in 1974, "the fact that skin testing has not turned out to be a simple and completely reliable technique does not detract from the fact that, when it is intelligently and skilfully performed, it remains the most effective diagnostic procedure in reaginic allergic disorders". 8 The reliability of skin testing and proper documentation of test results are essential in allergy practice. A recent survey to all physician members and fellows of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology practicing in the

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Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Skin prick tests and allergy diagnosis

Antunes

Borrego

Romeira

et al. 2009

Allergologia et Immunopathologia

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“…0.2 ml of each of the pollen extracts (prepared in the laboratory of the Dept of Allergology) was injected intracutaneously in three tenfold dilutions, read after 20 minutes, and scored in plus signs by experienied medical personnel (Voorhorst & Nikkels 1979, Voorhorst 1980. A total plus-sign score of 3 F. Th.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Pollen Concentrations in Leiden, The Netherlands, 1977–1981

Spieksma¹

1986

Grana

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“…Geralmente estas reações são leves e resolvem totalmente com tratamento. Casos fatais são raros, porém episódios de anafilaxia foram relatados na literatura mundial, geralmente relacionados a falhas técnicas como administração de doses maiores do que as previstas inicialmente ou aplicação intradérmica não precedida de punctura (Sogn, 1992;Voorhost, 1980).…”

Section: Justificativaunclassified

“…Não existem evidências que os reagentes utilizados durante o teste cutâneo possam sensibilizar os pacientes (Voorhost, 1980). A administração de penicilina a indivíduos com teste cutâneo negativo, leva a reações agudas em 0,5% daqueles com história negativa de reação e 2,9% daqueles com história positiva de reações prévias a penicilina.…”

Section: Justificativaunclassified

Avaliação diagnóstica do exantema máculo-papular e urticária tardia induzidos por antibióticos beta-lactâmicos

Malaman¹

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Aos meus pais, Marilene e SergioAos meus irmãos, Silvia e Paulo Ao meu grande companheiro, Sergio 3 AgradecimentosAos meus pais, Marilene e Sergio, que me guiaram gentil e sabiamente pela vida e que serão sempre meus mentores.Aos meus irmãos, Silvia e Paulo, por estarem sempre ao meu lado.Ao meu marido, Sergio: Sem seu apoio e compreensão, este trabalho não seria possível. Obrigada por seu carinho durante esta difícil jornada.Ao Prof. Jorge Kalil pela oportunidade.Ao meu orientador, Prof. Fabio Castro: um empreendedor. Obrigada pela confiança e pela liberdade durante a realização deste trabalho.Ao meu co-orientador, Prof. Abílio Motta pelo estímulo constante.Aos amigos: Profa. Inês Camelo Nunes, Prof. Flavio Sano, Prof. Clóvis Galvão pelas ricas sugestões durante a fase embrionária deste projeto. À Dra. Cristina Kokron pelo empenho na realização dos experimentos laboratoriais e valiosa contribuição. À Tânia, pelo apoio e esforço sem tamanho para finalizar este trabalho.À equipe do LIM-60: Anete, Ruth, Carlos, Elza, Santa e Sergio. Pela boa vontade e incrível capacidade técnica.

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Perfection of Skin Testing Technique

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Skin prick tests and allergy diagnosis

Skin prick tests and allergy diagnosis

Airborne Pollen Concentrations in Leiden, The Netherlands, 1977–1981

Avaliação diagnóstica do exantema máculo-papular e urticária tardia induzidos por antibióticos beta-lactâmicos

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