Perfect States of Rhizoctonias Associated With Orchids

Warcup, J.H.; Talbot, P. H. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1967.tb05434.x

Cited by 201 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Tulasnella forms a monophyletic clade for the nrLSU, albeit one with remarkable sequence heterogeneity (figure 4). This clade includes the fungal sequences obtained from Cryptothallus and Tulasnella asymmetrica (T. pinicola in Roberts 1999), an orchid mycorrhizal associate (Warcup & Talbot 1967). The nrSSU fungal sequences from Cryptothallus are also most closely related to Tulasnella sequences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized cheating of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis by an epiparasitic liverwort

Bidartondo

Bruns

Weiß

et al. 2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

183

136

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Many non-photosynthetic vascular plants in 10 diverse families obtain all of their carbon from fungi, but in most cases the fungi and the ultimate sources of carbon are unknown. In a few cases, such plants have been shown to be epiparasitic because they obtain carbon from neighbouring green plants through shared mycorrhizal fungi. In all such cases, the epiparasitic plants have been found to specialize upon narrow lineages of ecto-or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here we show that a non-vascular plant, the nonphotosynthetic liverwort Cryptothallus mirabilis, is epiparasitic and is specialized on Tulasnella species that form ectomycorrhizae with surrounding trees at four locations in England, France and Portugal. By using microcosm experiments we show that the interaction with Tulasnella is necessary for growth of Cryptothallus, and by using labelling experiments we show that 14 CO 2 provided to birch seedlings is transferred to Cryptothallus by Tulasnella. This is one of the first documented cases of epiparasitism by a non-vascular plant and of ectomycorrhizal formation by Tulasnella. These results broaden the emerging association between epiparasitism and mycorrhizal specialization into a new class of plants and a new order of fungi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized cheating of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis by an epiparasitic liverwort

Bidartondo

Bruns

Weiß

et al. 2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

183

136

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“…"Terrestrial orchids from seed to mycotrophic plant" by Rasmussen (1995) is an essential contribution to all aspects of orchid biology in premolecular times. Orchid mycorrhizal research has been summarized by Dearnaley (2007), by Smith and Read (2008) in their famous "Mycorrhizal symbiosis", covering all other aspects of mycorrhizae, and by Kottke and Suárez Chacón (2009) A breakthrough in experimental research was the successful isolation and axenic culture of mycobionts, including Sebacina vermifera, of terrestrial Australian orchids by Warcup and Talbot (1967). Molecular techniques had a stimulating impact on ORM research, and the design of a selective primer for Sebacinales' internal transcribed spacer, namely ITS3Seb, by Berbee (Setaro et al 2006a) was another remarkable step forward for studies of these fungi.…”

Section: Orchid Mycorrhizae (Orm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Warcup and Talbot (1967) that cluster in Group B. In addition, there are many sequence taxa known from diverse ectomycorrhizal (ECM) hosts.…”

Section: Sebacinalean Ectomycorrhizae (Ecm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because S. vermifera can easily be cultivated on artificial media (Warcup and Talbot 1967;Warcup 1971Warcup , 1981Warcup , 1988Bougoure et al 2005), it is increasingly used for experimental studies, mostly in approaches complementary to those of P. indica. Both induce positive growth effects and stronger resistance against abiotic and biotic stress factors in Hordeum vulgare (Deshmukh et al 2006).…”

Section: Sebacina Vermifera Aggmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1j and 2l). Warcup and Talbot (1967) succeeded to isolate and cultivate a basidiomycetous fungus from orchid roots in South Australia. They found tremelloid basidia and vermiform basidiospores in culture, and consequently identified the isolate as S. vermifera.…”

Section: History and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enigmatic Sebacinales

Oberwinkler¹,

Riess²,

Bauer³

et al. 2013

Mycol Progress

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A historical retrospect and a taxonomic update will deal with Sebacina s.l. and s.str., Craterocolla, Efibulobasidium, Serendipita, Trem ell odendron, Trem ell oscypha, Tremellostereum, and Piriformospora, the Sebacinaceae, and the Sebacinales. Phylogenetic hypotheses for the order and subordinal taxa are discussed, including environmental sequence taxa. The cryptic biodiversity in Sebacinales is extensive but mostly unresolved with respect to the species involved.

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Orchid Mycorrhiza: Vitamin Production and Requirements by the Symbionts

Hijner

Arditti

1973

American J of Botany

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A Rhizoctonia species isolated from Cymbidium has been cultured successfully on a defined medium consisting of minerals, sugar, thiamine, and folic acid. Thiamine can be replaced by its thiazole component, which is probably produced by germinating orchids. The fungus apparently produces the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine, a compound which may enhance growth of certain orchid seedlings. Niacin is also provided by the fungus. Para‐aminobenzoic acid, a constituent of folic acid, produced and released by orchid seeds, can satisfy the vitamin requirement of the fungus. These findings point to the possibility that orchids and their fungi may have coevolved with respect to vitamin requirements. The data also suggest that exchanges of vitamins or their components between orchids and endophytes are important aspects of the symbiotic relationship.

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Perfect States of Rhizoctonias Associated With Orchids

Cited by 201 publications

References 16 publications

Specialized cheating of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis by an epiparasitic liverwort

Specialized cheating of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis by an epiparasitic liverwort

Enigmatic Sebacinales

Orchid Mycorrhiza: Vitamin Production and Requirements by the Symbionts

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