Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Implantation of VX2 for Creation of a Rabbit Hepatic Tumor Model

White, Sarah B.; Chen, Jeane; Gordon, Andrew C.; Harris, Kathleen R.; Nicolai, J.; West, Derek; Larson, Andrew C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123888

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Two rabbits had no tumors seen on follow-up imaging. Therefore, tumor development was seen in 24/26 (92%) rabbits 25 . During the follow-up period, tract seeding was seen in 8% of rabbits and 38% had extra-hepatic metastatic disease 26 - 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of metastatic liver carcinoma model by implanting AX7 cells into rabbit liver, and its histological findings

2019

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Background: Progression of metastatic liver carcinoma from any original cancer is aggressive and the prognosis is very poor. Therefore the new model that is easily approachable to study the propagation and prognosis of metastatic liver carcinoma is necessary. The aim of this study is to confirm the tumor formation and metastatic activity of anaplastic thyroid cancer and to support the research basis for the next generation cancer treatment that is to be developed, by carrying out additional experiments like cytokine stimulation. We investigated sequential findings of immunohistochemistry of rabbit hepatic malignancy induced by AX7 cells.Methods: 13 rabbits implanted with AX7 cells directly into liver parenchyme with laparotomy were investigated by histopathology examination, immunohistochemistry, which is useful for the evaluation of metastatic cancer angiogenesis. Growing tissue at the edge of the mass was collected and placed in the petri dish filled with saline. After removing necrotic and fibrous tissue, tumor tissue was cut into pieces, placed in saline, and extracted during the experiment.Results: Tumor growth and malignancy was confirmed on the 10th day after AX7 cells were implanted into liver. Positive for VEGF staining was found in the cytoplasm or cell membrane. The scores for VEGF stained cells were moderately positive (++) on day 10, strongly positive (+++) on day 44. Ki-67-positive hepatocytes reached at 65% on day 10, at 65.78% on day 14, at 66.4% on day 30, at 67.88% on day 44.Conclusion: AX7 cells implanted into liver can be used as a new rabbit metastatic liver carcinoma model and would become useful for human metastatic liver carcinoma studies. Future studies may facilitate the establishment of an effective systemic therapy for the metastatic liver cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of metastatic liver carcinoma model by implanting AX7 cells into rabbit liver, and its histological findings

2019

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“…However, it is noteworthy that animals in group A, in which tumor fragments were implanted by the conventional method, experienced an increased incidence of peritoneal nodules (36.8%) compared with group B. Peritoneal nodules may be attributed to the high invasive and metastatic properties of VX2 carcinoma (12,13). Previous studies have demonstrated that the majority of rabbits underwent metastasis ~40 days after tumor implantation (8,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the method to establish a hepatic VX2 carcinoma model in rabbits

et al. 2018

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Abstract.The hepatic VX2 carcinoma model in rabbits is widely used for the preclinical study of hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, a modification was made to the conventional method to establish the animal model, as the conventional method gives rise to frequent tumor seeding due to the drop-out of tumor fragments. In order to evaluate each distinct method of establishing the model, the rabbits were divided into two groups: Group A (the conventional method; n=20) and group B (the modified method; n=20). All surgical details were recorded for reference. At 14 days post-surgery, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and autopsy were conducted. Microscopic morphology of tumor cells was observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cluster of differentiation (CD)31 were detected via immunochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In total, 19 rabbits in each group succeeded in model establishment. Throughout the surgery, group A experienced a longer surgery time compared with group B (group A vs. group B, 22.57±1.34 vs. 20.17±1.50 min; P<0.001), an increased tumor fragment drop-out frequency (group A vs. group B, 1.84±0.96 vs. 1.16±0.38; P=0.008) and an increased peritoneal nodule incidence (group A vs. group B, 35 vs. 5%, P=0.042).As for CECT, H&E and TEM, hepatic VX2 allografts in the two groups demonstrated similar imaging presentations and tumor cell morphology. In addition, VEGF and CD31 levels did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, the modified method for the establishment of hepatic VX2 carcinoma model in rabbits may decrease tumor fragment drop-out frequency during surgery and incidence of tumor seeding without affecting the properties of VX2 carcinoma.

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“…To date, there are many models of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model, including the Morris (McA-RH7777), [ 24 ] Novikoff (N1S1),[ 24 , 25 ] and AS30D [ 26 ] and VX2 in the rabbit model. [ 27 ] However, as interventional oncologists expand their practice to treat liver dominant hepatic metastases, little is known about treatment efficacy. Translational models of metastatic disease allow for better understanding of safety and efficacy of the different treatment modalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of CC-531 as a Rat Model of Colorectal Liver Metastases

et al. 2016

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PurposeSurgical resection of colorectal liver metastases is not achievable in more than 70% of the cases. Although the liver directed therapies have become a part of the stand of care, lack of a preclinical model impedes the assessment of toxicity and therapeutic benefits attributed several candidate drugs or treatment regimens that can be designed. In the present study we aim develop and characterize a rat colorectal liver metastasis model.Materials and MethodsGrowth characteristics of CC-531 cells were determined in vitro followed by subcapsular liver implantation in syngeneic WAG/Rij rats. Tumor growth progression was followed over 3 weeks by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Growth characteristics were also assessed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in harvested tumor tissues.ResultsThe doubling time of CC-531 cells was found be under 24hrs and all the implanted rats grew tumors. US imaging showed hypoechoic masses and MRI showed contrast enhancement representing complex tumor microenvironments. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining confirmed tumor growth and uniform CD31 staining in tumor confirmed even vessel density.ConclusionCC-531 can be used as a metastatic rat tumor colorectal liver metastases model with well-defined characteristics that can be readily followed by imaging whilst having a therapeutic window for interventions.

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Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Implantation of VX2 for Creation of a Rabbit Hepatic Tumor Model

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Establishment of metastatic liver carcinoma model by implanting AX7 cells into rabbit liver, and its histological findings

Establishment of metastatic liver carcinoma model by implanting AX7 cells into rabbit liver, and its histological findings

Modification of the method to establish a hepatic VX2 carcinoma model in rabbits

Characterization of CC-531 as a Rat Model of Colorectal Liver Metastases

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