Percutaneous treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: State of the art and innovations

Nault, Jean–Charles; Sutter, Olivier; Nahon, Pierre; Ganne-Carrié, Nathalie; Séror, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.004

Cited by 292 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 168 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…Over 750, 000 new cases are reported per year worldwide [1][2][3]. Approximately 10% to 15% have a five-year survival rate, marking this malignancy as the third most lethal cancer [4]. Efforts are being made to find novel target molecules which can be used to ameliorate HCC treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SKP2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Nuclear AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 Signaling Transcriptionally Regulating Nutrient-Deprived Autophagy Induction

Wei

Yan

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: SKP2 overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in numerous cancers. The mechanisms of autophagy in the tumor pathogenesis have been a research focus recently. How the SKP2 involved in autophagy expresses oncogenic characteristics, especially in HCC, are largely unclear. Methods: The expression of SKP2 was detected by qPCR, Western blot, Immunohistochemical (IHC) and Immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. SKP2 was knocked down or overexpressed by lentivirus transfection in HCC cells. Functional assays such as CCK8 assays, transwell migration and invasion assays, and colony formation assays were performed to determine the role of SKP2 in HCC. Furthermore, autophagy was induced by glucose deprivation in HCC cells followed by monitoring of the levels and distributions of SKP2, CARM1 and AMPK. Results: Our data showed that SKP2 levels were significantly increased in HCC cell lines and HCC tissues rather than corresponding normal liver tissues, and augmented SKP2 levels were statistically correlated with tumor grade, size and metastases. By up-regulation or down-regulation of SKP2 in HCC cells, we confirmed that SKP2 encourages proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. We then found that SKP2 was inhibited, CARM1 increased and AMPKα2 became activated in the nucleus under glucose deprivation induced autophagy. Moreover, we discovered that SKP2 was repressing CARM1 in the nucleus under nutrient-sufficient conditions in HCC. Conclusions: We show that SKP2 promotes HCC progression and its nuclear functions of autophagy induction with CARM1 and AMPK, which may provide a potential target for HCC therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SKP2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Nuclear AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 Signaling Transcriptionally Regulating Nutrient-Deprived Autophagy Induction

Wei

Yan

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Percutaneous thermal techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are widely used for HCC. These techniques have been shown to provide long-term results comparable to surgical resection [11]. Percutaneous cryoablation (PC) is another technique increasingly employed for treatment of HCC; however, it may be precluded due to the vicinity of vulnerable structures as well as the “thermal sink” effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Opener to EtOH Ablation for Juxta-Cardiac Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Soule

Lamsal

Lall

et al. 2018

Gastrointest Tumors

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notoriously refractory to systemic chemotherapy, mandating an interventional approach. Mortality may be avoided by neutralizing rapidly growing tumors that approach the heart and major vessels. When the risk/benefit ratio of surgery is unacceptable, percutaneous ablation can achieve remarkable results. High volumes of flowing blood adjacent to the treatment area may impact the ability to reliably achieve an adequate ablation margin for modalities that rely on extreme temperatures to destroy malignant cells. Ethanol ablation is safe, efficacious, and unaffected by this “thermal sink” effect. This report describes a juxta-cardiac (JC) HCC in segment 4a measuring 35 × 26 mm, which exhibited rapid growth until it was abutting the pericardium and 7.5 mm from the chamber of the right ventricle (RV). Methods: One 21-gauge needle was inserted using direct CT fluoroscopy into the center of the hepatic mass. In order to confirm the position of the needle, 0.5 mL of diluted Visipaque was injected. Then, under CT fluoroscopy guidance, a mixture of 1 mL of Ethiodol and 10 mL of 98% dehydrated alcohol was slowly injected into the mass. Results: Repeat CT scan 1 month post-ablation demonstrated decreased arterial enhancement and dense Ethiodol throughout the tumor consistent with ablation. Tumor size decreased to 30 × 23 mm with a distance of 12.4 mm from the chamber of the RV. Conclusion: Pericardial involvement or large vessels near the treatment area may limit the use of thermal ablation techniques for JC HCC. Percutaneous, intratumoral ethanol injection provides safe and effective alternative that is not subject to the “thermal sink” effect.

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“…Classical monopolar percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used in the treatment and/or palliation of HCC and involves the generation of an electric current through a monopolar electrode tip inserted into a small HCC (usually less than 5 cm). This approach induces ionic agitation and heat (up to 100°C) thereby leading to coagulative necrosis of local and surrounding tumor cells/tissue . This heat propagates in a centrifugal direction, from the center of the tumor to its periphery so not surprisingly, the efficacy of “tumor kill” falls with increasing distance from the electrode .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This heat propagates in a centrifugal direction, from the center of the tumor to its periphery so not surprisingly, the efficacy of “tumor kill” falls with increasing distance from the electrode . This kill effect drops off further if neoplastic tissue is located close to a major blood vessel (“heat sink effect” of adjacent blood flow) . In recent attempts to optimize the size and efficacy of RFA, new ablation equipment have been devised.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: First, cut … is the deepest or is it “no‐touch” and exercise?

Teoh

2019

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Percutaneous treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: State of the art and innovations

Cited by 292 publications

References 168 publications

SKP2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Nuclear AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 Signaling Transcriptionally Regulating Nutrient-Deprived Autophagy Induction

SKP2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Nuclear AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 Signaling Transcriptionally Regulating Nutrient-Deprived Autophagy Induction

Eye Opener to EtOH Ablation for Juxta-Cardiac Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Recent advances in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: First, cut … is the deepest or is it “no‐touch” and exercise?

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