Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in diagnostic evaluation of 160 jaundiced patients

Dynamic sonography in the evaluation of jaundice

“…Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) usually provide a precise diagnosis [2,3]. However, both techniques are invasive and not always successful in visualizing the biliary tract [4].…”

Percutaneous transhepatic intubation of bile ducts for combined internal-external drainage in preoperative and palliative treatment of obstructive jaundice

“…A major problem in percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage is dislodgement of the indwelling catheter. The position of the catheter can be stabilized markedly by passing the tip through the site of obstruction into the distal part of the common bile duct or into the duodenum [12,13]. Multiple sideholes proximally as well as distally to the obstruction permit internal bile drainage, while the possibility is given for external bile drainage, if necessary.…”

A tree grows in the liver, and now we can see it

“…Soon after this landmark paper was published, general interest was stimulated and there was publication of a supportive report from southern California 43 followed by confirmatory reports from Boston, 44 Miami, 45 London, 46 and Copenhagen. 47 Percutaneous cholangiography compared favorably to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in an early randomized trial that showed the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, and their complementary natures. 48 Dissemination of percutaneous cholangiography paved the way for other comparable transhepatic techniques such as catheterization of the portal vein for obliteration of esophageal varices, 49 and for obtaining portal hemodynamic measurements.…”