Percutaneous closure of a hemodynamically significant connection between the inferior vena cava and the left atrium

Abstract

Percutaneous closure of an IVC to LA connection in this case was safe and feasible. The decision about which device is optimal must be made on an individual basis.

Iatrogenic diversion of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium diagnosed 43 years after surgical atrial septal defect closure

“… 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 However, the accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and enhanced 3D‐CT has improved in recent years, and these noninvasive modalities have been reported to be useful in diagnosing this complication. 11 , 12 , 13 In this case, the complication was suspected on transthoracic echocardiography after the appearance of cyanosis, and the diagnosis was confirmed by 3D‐CT. This rare complication can be diagnosed immediately after surgery 4 , 10 , 14 or may only be noticed after many years.…”

Anomalous drainage of the caudal vena cava into the left atrium and duplication of the posthepatic caudal vena cava in a cat diagnosed with CT

“…Clinical findings include polycythaemia1 3 11 and systemic arterial oxygen desaturation 9 11. Cardiac murmurs were not always reported on physical examination;9 however, they can be present 1 2 9 10 15. However, the age at diagnosis of this anomaly in human beings can vary widely from an infant to middle aged adult (Chhabada and others 2018) 14.…”

“…Anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava (caudal vena cava) into the left atrium has been described in multiple case reports in human medicine 1–17. It may be congenital2 4 5 7–17 or iatrogenic (secondary to surgical closure of atrial septal defect (ASD)) 1 3 6. Suprahepatic inferior vena cava duplication has not been reported in human medicine.…”

“…In human beings and veterinary medicine, duplication of the prehepatic inferior vena cava (caudal vena cava) in absence of other cardiovascular anomalies is typically asymptomatic and incidental 19 28. Conversely, in human medicine, patients with anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium typically present with clinical signs of dyspnoea, cyanosis and clubbing of fingers and toes 1 2 9 10 15. Clinical findings include polycythaemia1 3 11 and systemic arterial oxygen desaturation 9 11.…”

“…Conversely, in human medicine, patients with anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium typically present with clinical signs of dyspnoea, cyanosis and clubbing of fingers and toes 1 2 9 10 15. Clinical findings include polycythaemia1 3 11 and systemic arterial oxygen desaturation 9 11. Cardiac murmurs were not always reported on physical examination;9 however, they can be present 1 2 9 10 15.…”