Percutaneous absorption of volatile solvents following transient liquid exposures II. Ethanol

Chaudhuri, Sruti Gan; Gajjar, Rachna M.; Krantz, William B.; Kasting, Gerald B.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2008.12.016

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It must be noted that ethanol is allowed in topical formulations for use among Muslims provided it does not exceed 1% [80]. Absorption into the skin of solvents with doubtful origin such as ethanol and glycerin are well documented [81,[111][112][113].…”

Section: Determining Permeation Of Alcohol and Solvent/cosmetic Actimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical methods described in this section could ascertain whether critical ingredients are absorbed or not. In addition, the evaporation of alcohol and other solvents can be evaluated to clarify its behavior (i.e., permeation or evaporation) once applied on skin [111,112,117].…”

Section: Determining Permeation Of Alcohol and Solvent/cosmetic Actimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the determination of ethanol permeation, radiolabeled ethanol ( 14 C-ethanol) is suggested to be used in the formulation in place of regular ethanol. Permeation experiments for ethanol and other ingredients of concern may be carried out in Franz-type diffusion cells as reported previously [107,112]. In addition, gravimetric techniques have been reported in estimating evaporation of neat ethanol from formulations [112,118].…”

Section: Determining Permeation Of Alcohol and Solvent/cosmetic Actimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Halal Cosmetics: A Review on Ingredients, Production, and Testing Methods

et al. 2019

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The demand for halal cosmetic products among the 2.4 billion Muslim consumers worldwide is increasing. However, the demand for halal cosmetics remains unmet because cosmetics production is dominated by non-halal cosmetic manufacturers, whose production methods may not conform with the requirements of halal science. The development of halal cosmetics and the assessment of their product performance is still in its infancy. The integration of halal science in the manufacture of most cosmetic products remains inadequate. Moreover, there is a global dearth of guiding documents on the development and assessment techniques in the production of comprehensively halal cosmetics. This paper aims to abridge existing literature and knowledge of halal and cosmetic science in order to provide essential technical guidance in the manufacture of halal cosmetics. In addition, the adoption of these methods addresses the unique ethical issues associated with conformance of cosmetics’ product performance to religious practices and halal science. It highlights the applicability of established methods in skin science in the assessment of halal cosmetics.

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Section: Determining Permeation Of Alcohol and Solvent/cosmetic Actimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determining Permeation Of Alcohol and Solvent/cosmetic Actimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determining Permeation Of Alcohol and Solvent/cosmetic Actimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Halal Cosmetics: A Review on Ingredients, Production, and Testing Methods

et al. 2019

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“…An example is the US EPA equation for estimating evaporation flux from the surface of chemical spills. 24 This equation has also been applied to estimate evaporation from the donor compartment of diffusion cells 25 , 26 , 27 and is presented here in the Appendix .…”

Section: Limitations Of the Fixed Fractional Absorption Approach For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of finite dose dermal absorption data: Implications for dermal exposure assessment

Frasch

Dotson

Bunge

et al. 2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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A common dermal exposure assessment strategy estimates the systemic uptake of chemical in contact with skin using the fixed fractional absorption approach: the dermal absorbed dose is estimated as the product of exposure and the fraction of applied chemical that is absorbed, assumed constant for a given chemical. Despite the prominence of this approach there is little guidance regarding the evaluation of experiments from which fractional absorption data are measured. An analysis of these experiments is presented herein, and limitations to the fixed fractional absorption approach are discussed. The analysis provides a set of simple algebraic expressions that may be used in the evaluation of finite dose dermal absorption experiments, affording a more data-driven approach to dermal exposure assessment. Case studies are presented that demonstrate the application of these tools to the assessment of dermal absorption data.

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“…[16][17][18] Ethanol has been extensively studied as a transcutaneous penetration enhancer for low-molecular-weight drugs, [19][20][21][22][23][24] and has been also used as a vehicle for such penetration enhancers as surfactants, 25 terpenes, 26 and biochemical enhancers, 27 as well as a constituent of microemulsions for topical genetic immunization. 28 Ethanol is readily absorbed into skin, 29 and its penetration enhancement is explained by SC intercellular lipid removal. 30 Biomacromolecules are able to achieve effective transmembrane transport through hydrophobic biomimetic barriers, especially in those cases where the protein has been lyophilized from an ethanol or methanol aqueous solution with a pH that is remote from the protein's isoelectric point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%