Percutaneous absorption of mercury vapor by rats

Wünscher, Ulrike; Roschig, M; Friese, Karl Heinz; Hoffmann, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf02307318

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Dermal absorption of mercury vapor in humans has been observed in a study by Hursh et al (39), and only 2.6% of that absorbed via inhalation was found to be absorbed through the skin of the forearm. Dermal absorption of mercury vapor following exposure of the tails of rats was reported by Wunsher et al (40). Analysis of human sweat has been used to monitor the absorption of lead through the skin (41).…”

Section: Organochorinesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the Great Lakes.

Moody

Chu

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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This paper reviews the literature to determine the importance of the dermal route of exposure for swimmers and bathers using Great Lakes waters and summarizes the chemical water contaminants of concern in the Great Lakes along with relevant dermal absorption data. We detail in vivo and in vitro methods of quantifying the degree of dermal absorption and discuss a preference for infinite dose data as opposed to finite dose data. The basic mechanisms of the dermal absorption process, routes of chemical entry, and the environmental and physiological factors affecting this process are also reviewed, and we discuss the concepts of surface slick exposure to lipophilic compounds and the adsorption of contaminants to water sediment. After presenting mathematical constructs for calculating the degree of exposure, we present in vitro data concerning skin absorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed to Great Lakes water sediment to show that in a worst-case scenario exposure via the dermal route can be equally important to the oral route. We have concluded that prolonged exposure of the skin, especially under conditions that may enhance dermal absorption (e.g., sunburn) may result in toxicologically significant amounts of certain water contaminants being absorbed. It is recommended that swimming should be confined to public beaches, people should refrain from swimming if they are sunburned, and skin should be washed with soap as soon as possible following exposure. Future studies should be conducted to investigate the importance of the dermal exposure route to swimmers and bathers.

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Section: Organochorinesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the Great Lakes.

Moody

Chu

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Quecksilber und anorganische Quecksilberverbindungen [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2011]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 51. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2011 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Wirkungsmechanismus Toxikokinetik und Metabolismus Aufnahme, Verteilung, Ausscheidung Metabolismus Erfahrungen beim Menschen Einmalige Exposition Wiederholte Exposition Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Tierexperimentelle Befunde und In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen Akute Toxizität Subakute, subchronische und chronische Toxizität Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Sonstige Wirkungen Bewertung

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Mercury and inorganic mercury compounds [MAK Value Documentations, 2011]

Meischner¹,

Schriever‐Schwemmer²,

Reuter³

et al. 2016

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the work place (MAK value) of mercury and inorganic mercury compounds of 0.1 mg Hg/m3, considering all toxicological endpoints. For mercury and inorganic mercury compounds biological monitoring (biological tolerance or BAT value) is indicated to correlate exposure and inner burden. Based on the reduction of the BAT value to 25 µg mercury/g creatinine in 2007, the MAK value is reduced to 0.02 mg/m 3 (calculated as mercury). Due to the systemic effects and the long half‐life, classification in Peak Limitation Category II with excursion factor 8 is retained. Mercury and inorganic mercury compounds remain classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans as epidemiological studies show no conclusive carcinogenicity of mercury. However, in male rats at high doses squamous cell papillomas develop in the forestomach, and in male mice renal tubular adenomas and carcinomas increase. The mode of action and the relevance of these findings to humans is still unknown. Inorganic mercury compounds are clastogenic in vitro, and the clastogenic effect could be confirmed in one animal study starting at 2 mg/kg body weight, which is at least 500 times above the MAK value of 0.02 mg/m 3 . Therefore mercury and inorganic mercury compounds are not classified in a category for Germ Cell Mutagens. Data in humans are inconsistent and data in animals are insufficient to obtain a reliable statement as to whether the MAK value of 0.02 mg/m 3 protects from prenatal toxicity. Thus, mercury and inorganic mercury compounds are classified in Pregnancy Risk Group D. Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and mercury and inorganic mercury compounds are designated with an “H” notation. Sensitization and contact allergic reactions to mercury or inorganic mercury compounds in humans have been confirmed in other publications. Data on respiratory sensitization are not available. Mercury and its inorganic compounds continue to be designated with “Sh”, but not with “Sa”.

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Percutaneous absorption of mercury vapor by rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the Great Lakes.

Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the Great Lakes.

Quecksilber und anorganische Quecksilberverbindungen [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2011]

Mercury and inorganic mercury compounds [MAK Value Documentations, 2011]

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