Percutaneous Absorption in the Aged

Roskos, K.V.; Guy, Richard H.; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1016/s0733-8635(18)30808-8

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the present study, age-related changes of the skin that might affect the penetration of topically applied substances, as described by Roskos et al [19], can be disregarded because the average age of the volunteers was 22.8 B 1.8 years. After the application of substances onto the skin surface, a loss of this substance is either possible in a vertical direction (penetration and evaporation) or in a horizontal direction (lateral diffusion) [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reservoir Function of the Stratum corneum: Development of an in vivo Method to Quantitatively Determine the Stratum corneum Reservoir for Topically Applied Substances

Teichmann

Jacobi²,

Weigmann³

et al. 2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Investigations on the stratum corneum (SC) reservoir for topically applied substances are of importance in dermatologic science in order to assess the pharmacokinetics of these substances. In the present study, an in vivo method was developed to determine the SC reservoir quantitatively and to investigate the temporal behavior of this reservoir. Therefore, increasing amounts of an oil-in-water emulsion (o/w emulsion) containing 4% of a chemical UV filter were topically applied onto the flexor forearms of 5 healthy volunteers. The saturation of the SC reservoir was determined utilizing the tape stripping technique 1 and 6 h after application. The capacity of the SC reservoir for the o/w emulsion was found to be approximately 2.7 mg/cm². Furthermore, a correlation of the capacity of the SC with transepidermal water loss was observed. Extending the time between the topical application and SC removal did not affect the distribution or the recovery rate of the UV filter in the SC. The results indicate that the reservoir of the SC is limited. This is reflected by the saturation level, which depends on the individual volunteer and, presumably, the topically applied substances and formulations used. The results show that the method developed is suited to quantitatively determine in vivo the SC reservoir for topically applied substances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reservoir Function of the Stratum corneum: Development of an in vivo Method to Quantitatively Determine the Stratum corneum Reservoir for Topically Applied Substances

Teichmann

Jacobi²,

Weigmann³

et al. 2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…In 1964, Christophers and Kligman [6] demonstrated an increase in permeability of the hydrophilic fluorescein in cadaver skin from elderly individuals and a decrease in the permeability of testosterone in elderly people in vivo. Later, Roskos et al [8] also studied testosterone, estradiol, benzoic acid and hydrocortisone and found no significant changes in penetration of testosterone and estradiol in the elderly group, whereas the more hydrophilic penetrants demonstrated an increased penetration in aged skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dry skin is caused by alterations of the stratum corneum lipid barrier [4] as the stratum corneum lipid content decreases with age [5] and the lipid composition changes [3]. Skin permeability and barrier integrity have been demonstrated to change with age in relation to some specific substances [6,7,8,9,10]. Thus, transepidermal water loss decreases in aging skin [7,11,12], the echogenicity changes [13] and the permeability of hydrophilic penetrants increases [7,8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin permeability and barrier integrity have been demonstrated to change with age in relation to some specific substances [6,7,8,9,10]. Thus, transepidermal water loss decreases in aging skin [7,11,12], the echogenicity changes [13] and the permeability of hydrophilic penetrants increases [7,8,10]. Only a few researchers have studied how these skin changes affect the penetration of highly lipophilic molecules into and through the stratum corneum of human skin [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronological Age Affects the Permeation of Fentanyl through Human Skin in vitro

Holmgaard

Benfeldt²,

Sørensen³

et al. 2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Aim: To study the influence of chronological age on fentanyl permeation through human skin in vitro using static diffusion cells. Elderly individuals are known to be more sensitive to opioids and obtain higher plasma concentrations following dermal application of fentanyl compared to younger individuals. The influence of age - as an isolated pharmacokinetic term - on the absorption of fentanyl has not been previously studied. Method: Human skin from 30 female donors was mounted in static diffusion cells, and samples were collected during 48 h. Donors were divided into three age groups: <30 years of age (n = 6), ≥30 and <60 years of age (n = 18) and ≥60 years of age (n = 6). Results: The youngest group had a significantly higher mean absorption (3,100 ng/cm²) than the two other groups (2,000 and 1,475 ng/cm², respectively) and a significant larger AUC (young age group: 9,393 ng; middle and old age groups: 5,922 and 4,050 ng, respectively). Furthermore, the lag time and absorption rate were different between the three groups, with a significantly higher rate in the young participants versus the oldest participants. Conclusion: We demonstrate that fentanyl permeates the skin of young individuals in greater amounts and at a higher absorption rate than in middle-aged and old individuals in vitro.

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“…One theory associates such a decreased permeability in advanced age with diminishing blood supply [17]. Roskos et al [18,19] found that percutaneous penetration of relatively hydrophilic substances can be affected with aging of the skin, associating the effect with diminishing surface lipid content. Comparing the skin's water permeability as a function of age through measurement of transepidermal water loss in vivo, values were significantly lower (p !…”

Section: Young Skin Versus Old Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flux of a Nickel(II) Salt versus a Nickel(II) Soap across Human Skin in vitro

Hostýnek¹

2003

Exog Dermatol

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Background: Contrary to in vitro data on skin diffusivity of nickel salts indicating slow rates of diffusion, contact allergy to nickel among the general population is frequent, indicating facile skin penetration. Objective: To demonstrate that the preferred diffusion of a lipophilic oxidation product of nickel formed in contact with the skin follows the multilamellar lipid region which envelops the corneocytes. Method: Diffusion of nickel chloride was compared with that of the lipophilic nickel soap, the dioctanoate. Results: The dioctanoate soap showed a significantly lower rate of diffusion (K_p = 1.4 × 10^–3 ± 5.7 × 10^–4 cm/h) than the chloride salt (K_p = 9.8 × 10^–3 ± 4.8 × 10^–4 cm/h), with a relatively high level of nickel retained in the tissue. Conclusions: (a) The molecular volume of the nickel dioctanoate overrides the effect of compound polarity; (b) the rates of diffusion measured through dermatomed skin are higher than those heretofore measured through full-thickness skin, epidermal tissue or stratum corneum; (c) both the nickel salt and soap appear to diffuse primarily via appendages; (d) the cause for the pronounced immune response to nickel in contact with the skin appears to lie in amounts retained in the viable skin strata; (e) skin from a young donor appears more permeable to nickel compounds than skin from an older source stemming from the same anatomical site.

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Percutaneous Absorption in the Aged

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Reservoir Function of the Stratum corneum: Development of an in vivo Method to Quantitatively Determine the Stratum corneum Reservoir for Topically Applied Substances

Reservoir Function of the Stratum corneum: Development of an in vivo Method to Quantitatively Determine the Stratum corneum Reservoir for Topically Applied Substances

Chronological Age Affects the Permeation of Fentanyl through Human Skin in vitro

Flux of a Nickel(II) Salt versus a Nickel(II) Soap across Human Skin in vitro

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