Perchloroethylene and Dry Cleaning: It's Time to Move the Industry to Safer Alternatives

Ceballos, Diana; Fellows, Katie M.; Evans, Ashley E.; Janulewicz, Patricia; Lee, Eun Gyung; Whittaker, Stephen G.

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.638082

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…AOPs with the most significant enrichment for PCE were also related to hepatic adverse outcomes. Although neurotoxicity is one of the most frequent AOs associated with PCE exposure, hepatotoxicity has also been reported (31). Our results documenting liver steatosis are supported by biopsy-based evidence of liver disease, both in human and animal models, in settings of high occupational exposures (32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, both compounds contained hepatic steatosis related AOPs among the top five enriched AOPs (Supplementary File 1). Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) is a chlorocarbon solvent used in dry-cleaning and other degreasing applications (31). AOPs with the most significant enrichment for PCE were also related to hepatic adverse outcomes.…”

Section: Aop Enrichment Highlights Relevant Adverse Outcomes Associat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular annotation of AOPs guides the development of the next generation mechanistic chemical safety assessment and new approach methods

Saarimäki

Morikka

Pavel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mechanistic toxicology has emerged as a powerful framework to inform on the safety of chemicals and guide the development of new safe-by-design compounds. Although toxicogenomics provides support towards mechanistic evaluation of chemical exposures, the implementation of toxicogenomics-based evidence in the regulatory setting is still hindered by uncertainties related to the analysis and interpretation of such data. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are multi-scale models that link chemical exposures to adverse outcomes through causal cascades of key events (KEs). The use of mechanistic evidence through the AOP framework is actively promoted for the development of new approach methods (NAMs) and to reduce animal experimentation. However, in order to unleash the full potential of AOPs and build confidence into toxicogenomics, robust and unified associations between KEs and patterns of molecular alteration need to be established. Here, we hypothesised that systematic curation of molecular events associated with KEs would enable the modelling of AOPs through gene-level data, creating the much-needed link between toxicogenomics and the systemic mechanisms depicted by the AOPs. This, in turn, introduces novel ways of benefitting from the AOP concept, including predictive models, read-across, and targeted assays, while also reducing the need for multiple testing strategies. Hence, we developed a multi-step strategy to annotate the AOPs relevant to human health risk assessment. We show that our framework successfully highlights relevant adverse outcomes for chemical exposures with strong in vitro and in vivo convergence, supporting chemical grouping and other data-driven approaches. Finally, we defined and experimentally validated a panel of robust AOP-derived in vitro biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aop Enrichment Highlights Relevant Adverse Outcomes Associat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular annotation of AOPs guides the development of the next generation mechanistic chemical safety assessment and new approach methods

Saarimäki

Morikka

Pavel

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Perchloroethylene is one of the most common solvents used in dry cleaning. It is known to have neurotoxic effects ( 27 ) and has recently been found to be associated with ALS among men in a Danish study ( 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence on the association of occupation with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A register-based case-control study in Finland

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a serious neurodegenerative disease that usually leads to death within a few years from diagnosis. The risk factors for ALS are still largely unknown. However, it is assumed that environmental factors play a role in disease onset. Occupation is suggested as a potential risk factor, but findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess the association of occupation with ALS in Finland. Register data were used to avoid recall bias and to obtain a large enough sample to detect the potential associations.MethodsThis case-control study included ALS cases that occurred between 1980 and 2015 in Finland (n = 4,781). ALS cases were identified from the causes of death register. For each ALS case, six controls were selected matched for sex and birth-year. The date of death of the ALS case was set as index date. Information on occupation was obtained from Statistics Finland for all subjects. The focus was on the longest-held occupation on 2-digit level (70 groups). The association of occupation with ALS was analyzed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsCompared to “clerical work and other office work,” the risk of ALS was increased in “packing and wrapping work” (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.17), “laundering, dry cleaning and pressing work” (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08–3.08), and “travel service work” (OR 8.75, CI 2.76–27.74). A decreased risk was found in “planning, administrative and research work in the technical fields” (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.98). Of the significant associations identified, only “travel service work” was significant after FDR multiple testing correction.ConclusionsThis study identified occupations in which the risk of ALS was increased. Further studies are needed to pinpoint the potential exposures in these occupations that may trigger the disease.

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“…Soljacić and Pusić (2010) reported that the surfactants also helped to reduce adverse effects of static electricity during dry cleaning. However, the harmful environmental effects of PERC release from dry cleaning establishments (Lohman 2002;Ceballos et al 2021) have prompted a search for alternative systems. One of the most promising alternatives to conventional dry cleaning involves the use of pressurized carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Dry Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detergency mechanisms and cellulosic surfaces: A review

Hubbe

Szlek

Vera

2022

BioRes

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The release of soils and impurities from cellulosic surfaces plays a critical role in such processes as the laundering of clothes and the deinking of wastepaper pulps. This article reviews publications that provide evidence about factors that affect such release and the mechanisms by which such factors operate. In general, cellulosic substrates provide advantages for the release of contaminants due to their hydrophilic nature and due to their permeability, allowing the transport of surfactants to contact interfaces with dirt. However, the same permeability of cellulosic material also provides opportunities for contaminants to work themselves into internal crevices and pores, from which they are difficult to remove. The article also reviews aspects of theory related to detergency and how those theories relate to the laundering, deinking, and purifying of substrates based on cellulose and related plant materials. Cellulose and some of its derivatives also can play a role in detergent formulation, especially as builders or as finishes placed on textile surfaces, which sometimes aid in the release of dirt.

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Perchloroethylene and Dry Cleaning: It's Time to Move the Industry to Safer Alternatives

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular annotation of AOPs guides the development of the next generation mechanistic chemical safety assessment and new approach methods

Molecular annotation of AOPs guides the development of the next generation mechanistic chemical safety assessment and new approach methods

New evidence on the association of occupation with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A register-based case-control study in Finland

Detergency mechanisms and cellulosic surfaces: A review

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