Perchlorate versus other environmental sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors: potential thyroid-related health effects

Groef, Bert De; Decallonne, Brigitte R; Geyten, Serge Van der; Darras, Veerle; Bouillon, Roger

doi:10.1530/eje.1.02190

Cited by 149 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It has received recent Aquaculture 436 (2015) 8-12 attention as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) due to its effect on reproductive and thyroid hormone systems (Edwards and Guillette, 2007;Edwards et al, 2006;Guillette and Edwards, 2005;Hamlin et al, 2008). Nitrate is a goitrogen and interferes with the production of thyroid hormones (THs) by competitively binding to the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) on thyroid follicles, decreasing the availability of iodide (I − ) for use in TH synthesis (De Groef et al, 2006;Lahti et al, 1985;Tonacchera et al, 2004). Female Wistar rats exposed to NO 3 − in their drinking water for 30 weeks experienced significant reductions in total triiodothyronine (TT 3 ) at doses of 50, 250 and 500 mg/L NO 3 − (Eskiocak et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated nitrate on endocrine function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated nitrate on endocrine function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

et al. 2015

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“…In previous epidemiological studies, nitrate intake was considered as a potential cancer risk factor due to contamination of drinking water. [36][37][38] Regarding thyroid function, nitrate can competitively inhibit iodide uptake, 39,40) which may cause a reduction in thyroid hormone production. 41) In an assessment of the Iowa Women's Health Study, high nitrate intake through drinking water consumption and private well use seemed to increase the risk of ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Factors and the Risk of Thyroid Diseases: A Review

Choi

Kim

2015

Int J Thyroidol

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Background and Objectives: Diet is one of the major risk factors for thyroid diseases. It has been shown that high or excessive iodine intake is more likely to be a health concern in iodine-sufficient regions or regions where iodine deficiency previously existed due to the emergence of iodine-induced hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Therefore, this review investigates the occurrence of thyroid diseases, and particularly hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, in populations with different levels of iodine intake and other dietary factors in various geographic regions. Materials and Methods: A total of 856 articles published between January 1st, 1990 and March 31st, 2015, were identified. Epidemiological studies that showed an association between dietary factors and thyroid diseases were selected, yielding a total of 21 articles. Results: Due to a sudden increase in iodine supplementation (i.e., via salt iodization), regions such as Denmark and China, where insufficient iodine intake previously existed, showed a significant increase in the occurrence of hypothyroidism compared with that of hyperthyroidism. Other dietary factors, such as nitrate intake, may increase the risk of the diseases, whereas a vegan diet and alcohol intake may lower the risk. Conclusion: The level of iodine intake is quite variable between individuals in different geographic regions, and the risk of thyroid diseases may also vary by age and gender. Therefore, monitoring of safe levels of iodine intake should be performed to prevent iodine-induced thyroid diseases.

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“…Once in the stomach, nitrite reacts with amines, amides, or amino acids and produces N-nitroso compounds, very important carcinogens for animals (Mirvish 1995). Nitrate, in turn, competes with iodine and may inhibit iodine uptake, affecting thyroid hormone production, which might lead to a stimulation of thyroid growth and tumor formation (Tonacchera et al 2004, De Groef et al 2006. Other authors have suggested that dairy protein may increase circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1; Crowe et al 2009).…”

Section: Systemic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the environment on the development of thyroid tumors: a new appraisal

Marcello¹,

Malandrino²,

Almeida³

et al. 2014

Endocrine Related Cancer

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Most epidemiological studies concerning differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) indicate an increasing incidence over the last two decades. This increase might be partially explained by the better access to health services worldwide, but clinicopathological analyses do not fully support this hypothesis, indicating that there are carcinogenetic factors behind this noticeable increasing incidence. Although we have undoubtedly understood the biology and molecular pathways underlying thyroid carcinogenesis in a better way, we have made very little progresses in identifying a risk profile for DTC, and our knowledge of risk factors is very similar to what we knew 30-40 years ago. In addition to ionizing radiation exposure, the most documented and established risk factor for DTC, we also investigated the role of other factors, including eating habits, tobacco smoking, living in a volcanic area, xenobiotics, and viruses, which could be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, thus, contributing to the increase in DTC incidence rates observed.

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Perchlorate versus other environmental sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors: potential thyroid-related health effects

Cited by 149 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of elevated nitrate on endocrine function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Effects of elevated nitrate on endocrine function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Dietary Factors and the Risk of Thyroid Diseases: A Review

The influence of the environment on the development of thyroid tumors: a new appraisal

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