Perchlorate removal by quaternary amine modified reed

Assessment of the Use of Moringa oleifera Seeds for Removal of Manganese Ions from Aqueous Systems

“…where q t (mg g −1 ) is the amount of metal ions adsorbed per unit mass of the adsorbent at time t (min), c (mg g −1 ) is a constant, and k id (mg g −1 min −0.5 ) is the intra-particle diffusion rate constant (Baidas et al 2011). According to this model, if the plot of q t versus t 0.5 gives a straight line, then the sorption process is controlled by intra-particle diffusion, while if the data exhibit multi-linear plots, then two or more steps influence the adsorption process (Bilgili 2006).…”

Surfactant-modified montmorillonite by benzyloctadecyldimethylammonium chloride for removal of perchlorate

“…Consequently, thyroid function becomes disrupted, and then the production of thyroid hormones is reduced http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.06.025 0927-7757/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. and the metabolism, brain development and skeletal growth are influenced negatively [1,2]. Generally, perchlorate is associated with the solid salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium perchlorate, which are used extensively in the manufacture of energy boosters, fireworks and air bag inflators [3,4].…”

“…Recently, perchlorate adsorption by organo-MMTs has also attracted much interest [7,23,24]. Alkyl quaternary ammonium salts have been used extensively to modify various materials for perchlorate uptake [2,4], since the positively charged nitrogen atom in the alkyl quaternary ammonium salt has a higher affinity for inorganic anion with lower hydration energy [25]. Octadecyltrimethylammonium added in an amount of 140% MMT cation exchange capacity (CEC) [7] and hexadecylpyridinium added with the number of 4 times MMT CEC [23] have been applied to tailor MMT for perchlorate removal with the adsorption capacities of 0.071 meq/g and 1.02 mmol/g, respectively.…”

Effect of surfactant molecular structure on perchlorate removal by various organo-montmorillonites

“…Therefore, ion-exchange resins may not be the best adsorbents for perchlorate removal. Lowcost natural materials can be developed as economical alternatives after facile modification (Baidas et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2013).…”