Perceptual versus physiological heat strain during exercise-heat stress

Tikuisis, Peter; McLellan, Tom M.; Selkirk, Glen A.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200209000-00009

Cited by 156 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This value closely resembled the heart rate observed at the end of the simulated fire task reported by von Heimburg 75 and the heaviest of works tasks used by Holmer and Gavhed. 29 Body core temperatures from the present investigation ranged from 37.04 to 38.53°C and are similar to those reported by Moran et al 50 when developing the physiological heat strain index (37.12 to 38.7°C) and by Tikuisis et al 70 when developing the perceptual heat strain index (37.1 to 38.3°C). The four interrelated experimental paradigms employed presently resulted in a range of body core temperatures sufficient for the development of the perceptual hyperthermia index (PHI).…”

Section: Physiological Responsessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Hoster et al 31 reported PeSI was significantly greater than PhSI after 8-mins, 23-mins, and at termination of treadmill exercise for subjects wearing personal protective equipment. Tikuisis et al 70 62 Additionally, in the present investigation PhSI and…”

Section: Relation Between Physiological and Perceptual Responsessupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Perceptual strain was determined by the equation: PeSI = 5 * [(TS t -1) / 4] + 5 * (PE t / 10); where TS = thermal sensation, and PE = perceived exertion. 70 The perceptual strain index used in the investigation will be modified from the above original equation by Tikuisis et al 70 This modification will incorporate the different perceptual metrics used where PE is perceived exertion as measured by the OMNI RPE scale and TS is thermal sensation as measured by the OMNI RTS scale.…”

Section: Perceptual Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50,70 Von Heimburg 75 observed heart rate responses of 167 b·min -1 in rescuers upon reaching the top of the stairs. The same individuals achieved a heart rate of 182 b·min -1 at the end of the task during simulated rescue of hospital patients which included climbing six floors and rescuing six manikin patients.…”

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a perceptual hyperthermia index to evaluate heat strain during treadmill exercise

et al. 2011

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Fire suppression and rescue is a physiologically demanding occupation due to extreme external heat as well as the additional physical and thermal burden of the protective garments. The hot environment challenges body temperature homeostasis inducing heat stress. Accurate field assessment of hyperthermia is complex and unreliable. Purpose: The present investigation developed a perceptually based hyperthermia metric to measure physiologic exertional heat strain during treadmill exercise. Methods:Sixty-five (28.88 ± 6.75 yrs) female (n=11) and male (n=54) firefighters and non-firefighting volunteers participated in four related thermal stress investigations performing treadmill exercise while wearing thermal protective clothing in a heated room. Physiological and perceptual responses (i.e. body core temperature, perceived exertion, and thermal sensation) were assessed at baseline, 20-mins exercise, and at termination. Results: Perceived exertion increased from baseline (0.24 ± 0.42) to termination (7.43 ± 1.86). Thermal sensation increased from baseline (1.78 ± 0.77) to termination (4.50 ± 0.68). Perceived exertion and thermal sensation were measured concurrently with body core temperature to develop a twodimensional graphical representation of three "colored" exertional heat strain zones. Each exertional heat strain zone was representative of a range of mean body core temperature responses such that green incorporated 36.0 to 37.4°C, yellow incorporated 37.5 to 37.9°C, and red incorporated 38.0 to greater than 40.5°C. Conclusions: A perceptual hyperthermia index (PHI) was developed using ratings of iii perceived exertion and thermal sensation. The PHI can provide a quick and easy momentary assessment of the level of risk for exertional heat strain for firefighters engaged in fire suppression and rescue. This metric may be beneficial in high risk environments that threaten the lives of firefighters.

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Section: Physiological Responsessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Relation Between Physiological and Perceptual Responsessupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Perceptual Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a perceptual hyperthermia index to evaluate heat strain during treadmill exercise

et al. 2011

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“…에 의해 제안된 식을 조금 수정한 Tikuisis et al (22) 의 식을 사용했으며, 계 산식은 다음과 같다; PhSI는 안정 시 1.2 ± 0.6이었으나, 첫 번째, 두 번째, 세 번째 세트를 완료한 직후의 PhSI는 각각 4.6 ± 0.5, 6.1 ± 1.0, 7.6 ± 1.2이었다. 60분 간의 회복 후 PhSI는 2.6 ± 0.8 이었다( Figure 2D).…”

Section: 소방관 체력검정unclassified

Development of Firefighting Performance Test Drills while Wearing Personal Protective Equipment

Kim¹,

Lee²

2016

Fire Science and Engineering

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A firefighting simulation was developed in order to assess the physical work capacity of firefighters. The simulation consisted of eight common firefighting tasks, including walking with radiant heat for 3 min while wearing full personal protective equipment (PPE). Nine professional firefighters performed the test a total of three times with a 5 min rest interval between each session. The entire series of tests took approximately 30 min to complete (381 ± 30 s). Rectal temperatures were found to increase from 37.4 ± 0.3 o C to 38.5 ± 0.4 o C, while heart rates were found to increase from 92 ± 18 bpm to 185 ± 13 bpm during testing. Time to completion of the test drills and non-modified physical fitness values showed a significantly negative correlation (r = −0.728, p < 0.05). Firefighters who had longer periods of firefighting service had longer duration time and also recorded higher scores using an integrated scoring system of time to completion (TTC) and physiological strain index (PhSI). The results indicated that the determination of TTC alone can be a misrepresentation of capability, as it neglects to account for accumulated heat strain. The simulated firefighting test provided a useful insight into physical fitness level, but also the comprehensive work capacity of the firefighters when assessed based on TTC and PhSI.

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Heat exposure in the Canadian workplace

Jay

Kenny

2010

American J Industrial Med

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Exposure to excessive heat is a physical hazard that threatens Canadian workers. As patterns of global climate change suggest an increased frequency of heat waves, the potential impact of these extreme climate events on the health and well-being of the Canadian workforce is a new and growing challenge. Increasingly, industries rely on available technology and information to ensure the safety of their workers. Current Canadian labor codes in all provinces employ the guidelines recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) that are Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) based upon Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). The TLVs are set so that core body temperature of the workers supposedly does not exceed 38.0 degrees C. Legislation in most Canadian provinces also requires employers to install engineering and administrative controls to reduce the heat stress risk of their working environment should it exceed the levels permissible under the WBGT system. There are however severe limitations using the WGBT system because it only directly evaluates the environmental parameters and merely incorporates personal factors such as clothing insulation and metabolic heat production through simple correction factors for broadly generalized groups. An improved awareness of the strengths and limitations of TLVs and the WGBT index can minimize preventable measurement errors and improve their utilization in workplaces. Work is on-going, particularly in the European Union to develop an improved individualized heat stress risk assessment tool. More work is required to improve the predictive capacity of these indices.

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Perceptual versus physiological heat strain during exercise-heat stress

Abstract: T underestimated and U consistently perceived their physiological strain, as defined by PhSI, in accordance with the measured increases in core temperature and heart rate throughout an exposure to uncompensable exercise-heat stress.

Cited by 156 publications

References 24 publications

Development of a perceptual hyperthermia index to evaluate heat strain during treadmill exercise

Development of a perceptual hyperthermia index to evaluate heat strain during treadmill exercise

Development of Firefighting Performance Test Drills while Wearing Personal Protective Equipment

Heat exposure in the Canadian workplace

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