Perceptual uncertainty and line-call challenges in professional tennis

Mather, George

doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0211

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The hawk eye technology in tennis, which is used for the verification of controversial line calls, was investigated by seven of these studies (Abramitzky, Einav, Kolkowitz, & Mill, 2012;Anbarci, Lee, & Ulker, 2014;Carboch, Vejvodova, & Suss, 2016;Clarke & Norman, 2012;Cross, 2014;Mather, 2008;Nadimpalli & Hasenbein, 2013). The remaining two studies focused on the Decision Review System, covering various decisions in Cricket (Borooah, 2016), and the goal line technology in football (Kolbinger, Linke, Link, & Lames, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results concerning usage and "success" rate are used for various intentions. As mentioned above, the studies of Mather (2008) and Carboch et al (2016) looked for perceptual uncertainty and patterns of umpire errors. Anbarci et al (2014) examined the influence of gender on the use of the challenge system.…”

Section: Usage and "Success" Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mather (2008) and Carboch et al (2016) Collins (2010), Nlandu (2012) and Bordner (2015) focused on the underlying phenomena. Collins (2010) described six constructs of judging and justice in relation to umpiring in general as well as its relationship to technological officiating aids.…”

Section: Underlying Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific approaches to technological officiating aids in game sports

Kolbinger

Lames

2017

CISS

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a b S t R ac tAn increasing number of game sports use technological officiating aids to support their umpires and referees. The aim of this review is to survey the respective literature to extract universal issues of these aids, which are used in different ways in a wide range of settings. We identified 23 studies, of which the majority was published in the current decade. These studies embraced, beside empirical works, contributions of the fields of philosophy and jurisprudence. Based on the approaches and findings of the selected studies we identified seven major issues: the underlying phenomena, usage patterns, accuracy, standard of review, influence on the nature of the game, material as well as immaterial costs and the amount of authority that is granted to the officiating aid. Further, we found regularly some overlapping between these issues, but also that some matters of interest have not been addressed so far, for example studying the influence of technological officiating aids on stakeholders' opinions. Empirical as well as theoretical evaluations of technological officiating aids have to deal with this complexity. As this seems to be neglected currently, we suggest that further studies should show awareness of this in their approaches as well as in their conclusions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Usage and "Success" Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific approaches to technological officiating aids in game sports

Kolbinger

Lames

2017

CISS

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“…We also examined the original patent application, which is available online from the European Patent Office (reference number WO 01/41884). We discovered an article in Scientific American (Fischetti, 2007) and a recently published analysis of line calls in tennis (Mather, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

You cannot be serious! Public understanding of technology with special reference to “Hawk-Eye”

Collins

Evans

2008

Public Underst Sci

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Public understanding of science, though it approaches the specialist knowledge of experts only in rare circumstances, can be enhanced more broadly in respect of the processes of science and technology. The public understanding of measurement errors and confidence intervals could be enhanced if “sports decision aids,” such as the Hawk-Eye system, were to present their results in a different way. There is a danger that Hawk-Eye as used could inadvertently cause naïve viewers to overestimate the ability of technological devices to resolve disagreement among humans because measurement errors are not made salient. For example, virtual reconstructions can easily be taken to show “exactly what really happened.” Suggestions are made for how confidence levels might be measured and represented and “health warnings” attached to reconstructions. A general principle for the use of sports decision aids is put forward. A set of open questions about Hawk-Eye is presented which, if answered, could help inform discussions of its use and accuracy

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“…We selected this game on the basis of its natural default option-line judges remain silent to indicate that the ball was "in," but make an overt response by shouting "out" to reject the default. Further, such a task involves graded perceptual difficulty (17). A status quo bias in this task can be modeled by assuming that a decision criterion is biased depending on whether the default is set to "IN" or "OUT" (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming status quo bias in the human brain

Fleming

Thomas

Dolan

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

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Humans often accept the status quo when faced with conflicting choice alternatives. However, it is unknown how neural pathways connecting cognition with action modulate this status quo acceptance. Here we developed a visual detection task in which subjects tended to favor the default when making difficult, but not easy, decisions. This bias was suboptimal in that more errors were made when the default was accepted. A selective increase in subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity was found when the status quo was rejected in the face of heightened decision difficulty. Analysis of effective connectivity showed that inferior frontal cortex, a region more active for difficult decisions, exerted an enhanced modulatory influence on the STN during switches away from the status quo. These data suggest that the neural circuits required to initiate controlled, nondefault actions are similar to those previously shown to mediate outright response suppression. We conclude that specific prefrontal-basal ganglia dynamics are involved in rejecting the default, a mechanism that may be important in a range of difficult choice scenarios.hen faced with a complex decision, people tend to accept the status quo, as reflected in the old adage, "When in doubt, do nothing." Indeed, across a range of everyday decisions, such as whether to move house or trade in a car, or even whether to flip the TV channel, there is a considerable tendency to maintain the status quo and refrain from acting (1). One factor driving this status quo bias is the difficulty of the decision process. In supermarkets, for example, there is often an overwhelming choice of different brands for the same product, and consumers may leave the store empty handed because of a difficulty-induced bias toward inaction (2, 3).Here we shed light on the brain mechanisms involved in making difficult decisions involving a status quo. We operationally define a status quo bias as suboptimal acceptance of a default choice option (Fig. 1B). The neural mechanisms involved in overcoming this bias are unknown, but informative parallels can be derived from the effects of treatments for Parkinson's disease. Akinesia, a core symptom of Parkinson's, can be alleviated by disruption of the basal ganglia either by neurosurgical lesions or deep-brain stimulation (DBS) (4, 5). Despite these beneficial therapeutic effects, it is known that DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's patients can lead to impairments of cognitive control (6-8), suggesting that one of the core functions of the STN is to modulate basal ganglia circuits involved in decision making (9-11). An anatomic "hyperdirect" pathway from medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, previously characterized in primates (12) and humans (13), may mediate cognitive influences on the STN (14-16). Here we tested whether interactions between the frontal cortex and basal ganglia provide candidate mechanisms for how decision difficulty modulates choices involving a status quo.We asked participants to make sensory judgments in the context of a...

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Perceptual uncertainty and line-call challenges in professional tennis

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Scientific approaches to technological officiating aids in game sports

Scientific approaches to technological officiating aids in game sports

You cannot be serious! Public understanding of technology with special reference to “Hawk-Eye”

Overcoming status quo bias in the human brain

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