Perceptual transparency in neon color spreading displays

Ekroll, Vebjørn; Faul, Franz

doi:10.3758/bf03196798

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The four luminance values of the surface can be computed in the same way as the four luminance values in Metelli's pattern; in this sense, figures 7d, 7e, 7g, and 7h can be considered a particular case of the more general one depicted in figure 7b. The attempt to extend Metelli's theory in this direction is not new: Meyer and Senecal (1983), Bressan (1993), and Ekroll and Faul (2002) demonstrated the possibility of calculating the coefficient of transparency, a, even with three luminance regions involved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lines That Induce Phenomenal Transparency

Grieco

Roncato

2005

Perception

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Three neighbouring opaque surfaces may appear split into two layers, one transparent and one opaque beneath, if an outline contour is drawn that encompasses two of them. The phenomenon was originally observed by Kanizsa [1955 Rivista di Psicologia 69 3-19; 1979 Organization in Vision: Essays on Gestalt Psychology (New York: Praeger)], for the case where an outline contour is drawn to encompass one of the two parts of a bicoloured figure and a portion of a background of lightest (or darkest) luminance. Preliminary observations revealed that the outline contour yields different effects: in addition to the stratification into layers described by Kanizsa, a second split, opposite in depth order, may occur when the outline contour is close in luminance to one of the three surfaces. An initial experiment was designed to investigate what conditions give rise to the two phenomenal transparencies: this led to the conclusion that an outline contour superimposed on an opaque surface causes this surface to emerge as a transparent layer when the luminances of the contour and the surface differ, in absolute value, by no more than 13.2 cd m(-2). We have named this phenomenon 'transparency of the intercepted surface', to distinguish it from the phenomenal transparency arising when the contour and surface are very different in luminance. When such a difference exists, the contour acts as a factor of surface definition and grouping: the portion of the homogeneous surface it bounds emerges as a fourth surface and groups with a nearby surface if there is one close in luminance. The transparency phenomena ('transparency of the contoured surface') perceived in this context conform to the constraints of Metelli's model, as demonstrated by a second experiment, designed to gather 'opacity' ratings of stimuli. The observer judgments conformed to the values predicted by Metelli's formula for perceived degree of transparency, alpha. The role of the outline contour in conveying figural and intensity information is discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lines That Induce Phenomenal Transparency

Grieco

Roncato

2005

Perception

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“…where L(x) represents the luminance of region x in Figure 2D. Ekroll and Faul (2002) extended Metelli's episcotister model to neoncolor spreading displays (Figure 2A). In the display, an illusory contour, represented by a dashed line, is induced, and region Q is filled with gray color owing to color spreading.…”

Section: Color Spreading and Boundary Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1.2. Perceptual transparency and the episcotister model Ekroll and Faul (2002) investigated luminance conditions for perceptual transparency in neon-color spreading displays using Metelli's episcotister model (Metelli, 1970). The episcotister model describes the luminance conditions that lead to the impression of transparency in four-color configurations (Figure 2D).…”

Section: Color Spreading and Boundary Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then extend the account to flank transparency displays. Next, we describe how perceptual transparency in neon-color spreading displays is accounted for using Metelli's luminance-based episcotister model (Metelli, 1970;Ekroll and Faul, 2002) and extend the account to flank transparency displays. Finally, we argue that luminance conditions suitable for color spreading based on boundary interactions are associated with the requirement for perceptual transparency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two distinct types of color spreading induced by different luminance and color conditions in static flank transparency displays

Kimura

2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Flank transparency refers to illusory, phenomenally transparent color spreading induced when narrow colored flanks are added to line segments located within a virtual region. We investigated whether the luminance conditions that induced flank transparency were consistent with predictions based on luminance-contrast-based boundary interactions and the episcotister model for perceptual transparency. Examination of the requirements for the boundary interaction and perceptual transparency revealed that similar luminance conditions are necessary for both; that is, the flank luminance needs to be intermediate between the line and background luminances. We used green and achromatic flanks and systematically varied the luminance of the flanks, line segments, and background. We then asked the observers to rate the subjective certainty of color spreading using a five-point scale. The results showed that the perception of color spreading depended on color as well as luminance conditions. Generally, color spreading was convincing and phenomenally transparent when luminance conditions were consistent with the requirements for boundary interaction and perceptual transparency. In addition, color conditions worked in a facilitatory and inhibitory manner. Moreover, the results revealed that another convincing color spreading could be observed when the flank luminance was lower than the line or background luminance, that is, when the luminance condition for perceptual transparency was not satisfied. The observers’ verbal reports indicated that phenomenal transparency was not evident in this color spreading. Overall, the present findings demonstrate that typical transparent color spreading is not the only one observed in the flank transparency display. Different color and luminance conditions can modulate the phenomenal appearance of color spreading, resulting in distinct types of color spreading.

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“…We believe that our dynamic stimulus changes this situation for texture spreading as it leads to a stable, clearly-defined dispersion of a colored texture. As such, it may provide a useful tool to the experimental study of texture spreading as some recently presented effects did to the study of color-spreading: the watercolor illusion (Devinck et al, 2005;Pinna et al, 2001), color from motion (Cicerone et al, 1995;Ekroll and Faul, 2002), and flank transparency (Wollschläger et al, 2001(Wollschläger et al, , 2002 all exhibit much better discernible spreading effects than classical neon-spreading demonstrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic texture spreading: probing the mechanisms of surface interpolation

Wollschläger

Faul²

2006

Spatial Vis

Self Cite

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Abstract-Dynamic texture spreading is a filling-in phenomenon where a colored pattern perceptually spreads onto an area confined by virtual contours in a multi-aperture motion display. The spreading effect is qualitatively similar to static texture spreading but widely surpasses it in strength, making it particularly suited for quantitative studies of visual interpolation processes. We first carried out two experiments to establish with objective tasks that texture spreading is a genuine representation of surface qualities and thus goes beyond mere contour interpolation. Two subsequent experiments serve to relate the phenomenon to ongoing discussions about potentially responsible mechanisms for spatiotemporal integration. With a phenomenological method, we examined to what extent simple sensory persistence might be causally involved in the effect under consideration. Most of our findings are consistent with the idea of sensory persistence, and indicate that information fragments are integrated over a time window of about 100 to 180 ms to form a complete surface representation.

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Perceptual transparency in neon color spreading displays

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Lines That Induce Phenomenal Transparency

Lines That Induce Phenomenal Transparency

Two distinct types of color spreading induced by different luminance and color conditions in static flank transparency displays

Dynamic texture spreading: probing the mechanisms of surface interpolation

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