Perceptual learning treatment in patients with anisometropic amblyopia: a neuroimaging study

Zhai, Jingjing; Chen, Min; Liu, Lijuan; Zhao, Xüna; Zhang, Hong; Luo, Xinmei; Gao, Jia‐Hong

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303778

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A recent study (Spiegel et al, 2013) using brain stimulation (anodal transcranial direct current stimulation) and fMRI measurements in amblyopic patients indicated that the stimulation could equalize the response of the V1 to inputs from each eye. This latter study also suggests that fMRI could be used to understand the neural mechanisms and the brain regions involved in these therapies (e.g., Zhai et al, 2013). …”

Section: Binocular Treatment In Amblyopiamentioning

confidence: 89%

Neuroimaging of amblyopia and binocular vision: a review

Joly

Frankó

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Amblyopia is a cerebral visual impairment considered to derive from abnormal visual experience (e.g., strabismus, anisometropia). Amblyopia, first considered as a monocular disorder, is now often seen as a primarily binocular disorder resulting in more and more studies examining the binocular deficits in the patients. The neural mechanisms of amblyopia are not completely understood even though they have been investigated with electrophysiological recordings in animal models and more recently with neuroimaging techniques in humans. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the brain regions that underlie the visual deficits associated with amblyopia with a focus on binocular vision using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The first studies focused on abnormal responses in the primary and secondary visual areas whereas recent evidence shows that there are also deficits at higher levels of the visual pathways within the parieto-occipital and temporal cortices. These higher level areas are part of the cortical network involved in 3D vision from binocular cues. Therefore, reduced responses in these areas could be related to the impaired binocular vision in amblyopic patients. Promising new binocular treatments might at least partially correct the activation in these areas. Future neuroimaging experiments could help to characterize the brain response changes associated with these treatments and help devise them.

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Section: Binocular Treatment In Amblyopiamentioning

confidence: 89%

Neuroimaging of amblyopia and binocular vision: a review

Joly

Frankó

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…It is characterized by impaired vision in one or both eyes because of disruption of normal visual stimuli and underdevelopment of the visual cortex because of strabismus, pattern deprivation or inadequate refractive error correction during the critical period . Recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal visual experience may influence the microstructural integrity of the white matter and cortical changes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal visual experience may influence the microstructural integrity of the white matter and cortical changes. 4,5 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children, with an overall estimated prevalence of 7.2% in pooled school and community populations. 6 The clinical presentation includes inattentiveness, hyperactivity, impulsivity and cognitive deficits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study

Tsai

et al. 2019

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Importance The association between visual deficits and attention disorders has been reported but remains unproven. Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with amblyopia. Design Population‐based, cohort study. Participants The dataset from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database in 2000 to 2010. Methods A total of 6817 patients aged <18 years with newly diagnosed amblyopia were identified. Four age‐ and sex‐matched controls without amblyopia were included for each patient, that is, 27268 controls. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the risk of ADHD. The secondary outcomes were age at ADHD onset and use of ADHD medication. Results During a mean observation period of 7.18 years, the incidence of ADHD per 1000 person‐years was 7.02 in the amblyopia group and 4.61 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The ADHD risk in the amblyopia group was 1.81 times that in the control group (hazard ratio 1.81; 95% confidence interval 1.59‐2.06). After stratification by amblyopia subtype, the greatest risk was in the deprivation type (hazard ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.56‐2.92) followed by the strabismic (hazard ratio 2.09; 95% confidence interval 1.15‐3.79) and refractive (hazard ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.54‐2.02) types. Age at ADHD onset was younger in the amblyopia group (median 8.14 vs 8.45 years; P = 0.0096). The average duration of neuropsychiatric medication use was comparable between groups (P = 0.98). Conclusions and Relevance The ADHD risk is higher in children with amblyopia.

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“…In agreement with the non-human animal literature, a range of neuroanatomical changes have been reported within the visual pathway of humans with amblyopia. These include disrupted white matter structure (Allen, Schmitt, Kushner & Rokers, 2018, Allen, Spiegel, Thompson, Pestilli & Rokers, 2015, Duan, Norcia, Yeatman & Mezer, 2015, Li, Jiang, Guo, Li, Cai & Yin, 2013, Qi, Mu, Cui, Li, Shi, Liu, Xu, Zhang, Yang & Yin, 2016, Zhai, Chen, Liu, Zhao, Zhang, Luo & Gao, 2013, reduced subcortical and cortical grey matter density (Mendola, Conner, Roy, Chan, Schwartz, Odom & Kwong, 2005, and alterations in effective (Li, Mullen, Thompson & Hess, 2011) and resting state connectivity (Ding, Liu, Yan, Lin & Jiang, 2013, Liang, Xie, Yang, Yin, Wang, Yu, He & Wang, 2017, Mendola, Lam, Rosenstein, Lewis & Shmuel, 2018, Wang, Li, Guo, Peng, Li, Qin & Yu, 2014. However, it is unclear whether these changes are due to lost binocular visual input per se or because of mismatched, competing inputs from the two eyes during visual development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life maturation of human visual system white matter is altered by monocular enucleation

Dunkley

Vandewouw

Chakraborty

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Monocular enucleation early in life and the resultant lack of binocular visual input during visual development results in functional and structural brain changes in adulthood, including alterations in white matter microstructure. However, the time courses of these neurodevelopmental changes are unknown. Here, we investigated whether structural brain changes were present at 8 to 12 years of age in a group of children with a history of monocular enucleation prior to 3 years of age (the ME group) relative to control participants with normal binocular vision (the BC group). Structural connectivity was measured using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Relative to the BC group, the ME group exhibited significantly increased radial and mean diffusivity in the optic radiation contralateral to the enucleated eye, the bidirectional interhemispheric V1 to V1 tracts and the V1 to MT tract ipsilateral to the enucleated eye. These changes indicate abnormal myelinization and reduced axonal density in subcortical and cortical visual pathway white matter structures following unilateral enucleation and loss of binocular vision. Our findings are broadly consistent with those recently reported for older uniocular individuals suggesting that these effects are present in childhood and persist into adulthood.

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Perceptual learning treatment in patients with anisometropic amblyopia: a neuroimaging study

Abstract: These results indicate that perceptual learning treatment for amblyopia had a positive effect on the visual cortex and temporal lobe visual areas in patients with anisometropic amblyopia.

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Neuroimaging of amblyopia and binocular vision: a review

Neuroimaging of amblyopia and binocular vision: a review

Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study

Early life maturation of human visual system white matter is altered by monocular enucleation

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