Perceptual learning and acquired face familiarity: Evidence from inversion, use of internal features, and generalization between viewpoints

Dwyer, Dominic M.; Mundy, Matthew; Vladeanu, Matei; Honey, Robert Colin

doi:10.1080/13506280701757577

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A related question is whether perceptual learning effects may have influenced face processing in general due to repeated exposure with face stimuli. Effects of mere exposure have been demonstrated in several studies for face identity discriminations [38]–[40]. Heron-Delaney et al [39] showed for example that the development of ‘own-race effect’ (characterized by enhanced identity discrimination of members of one's own race) in Caucasian infants can be eliminated by exposing children to booklets containing a variety of faces of a different race between the age of 6 and 9 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expression Training Optimises Viewing Strategy in Children and Adults

2014

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This study investigated whether training-related improvements in facial expression categorization are facilitated by spontaneous changes in gaze behaviour in adults and nine-year old children. Four sessions of a self-paced, free-viewing training task required participants to categorize happy, sad and fear expressions with varying intensities. No instructions about eye movements were given. Eye-movements were recorded in the first and fourth training session. New faces were introduced in session four to establish transfer-effects of learning. Adults focused most on the eyes in all sessions and increased expression categorization accuracy after training coincided with a strengthening of this eye-bias in gaze allocation. In children, training-related behavioural improvements coincided with an overall shift in gaze-focus towards the eyes (resulting in more adult-like gaze-distributions) and towards the mouth for happy faces in the second fixation. Gaze-distributions were not influenced by the expression intensity or by the introduction of new faces. It was proposed that training enhanced the use of a uniform, predominantly eyes-biased, gaze strategy in children in order to optimise extraction of relevant cues for discrimination between subtle facial expressions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expression Training Optimises Viewing Strategy in Children and Adults

2014

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“…The work of Mundy et al . [ 1 ] demonstrates that comparison, during exposure training, does help facilitate discrimination performance when the faces to be discriminated at test were the same as those presented during the exposure phase (see also [ 19 , 25 , 47 , 48 ]). Similar effects have also been demonstrated using identical twins [ 49 ], in which case the enhancement in discrimination transferred to new images of the same twins (see also [ 50 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this cannot be ruled out, it should be remembered that a large number of perceptual learning studies that demonstrate comparison effects through the advantage for intermixed over blocked exposure schedules ( e.g. [ 1 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 48 ]). So the possibility that comparison effects per se are false positives seems unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning Faces: Similar Comparator Faces Do Not Improve Performance

2015

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Recent evidence indicates that comparison of two similar faces can aid subsequent discrimination between them. However, the fact that discrimination between two faces is facilitated by comparing them directly does not demonstrate that comparison produces a general improvement in the processing of faces. It remains an open question whether the opportunity to compare a “target” face to similar faces can facilitate the discrimination of the exposed target face from other nonexposed faces. In Experiment 1, selection of a target face from an array of novel foils was not facilitated by intermixed exposure to the target and comparators of the same sex. Experiment 2 also found no advantage for similar comparators (morphed towards the target) over unmorphed same sex comparators, or over repeated target exposure alone. But all repeated exposure conditions produced better performance than a single brief presentation of the target. Experiment 3 again demonstrated that repeated exposure produced equivalent learning in same sex and different sex comparator conditions, and also showed that increasing the number of same sex or different sex comparators failed to improve identification. In all three experiments, exposure to a target alongside similar comparators failed to support selection of the target from novel test stimuli to a greater degree than exposure alongside dissimilar comparators or repeated target exposure alone. The current results suggest that the facilitatory effects of comparison during exposure may be limited to improving discrimination between exposed stimuli, and thus our results do not support the idea that providing the opportunity for comparison is a practical means for improving face identification.

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“…That is, the internal features of a face (e.g., the eyes, nose, and mouth) have more influence than the external features (e.g., hair or face outline) in the recognition of familiar faces compared with unfamiliar faces (Ellis, Shepherd, & Davies, 1979; Menon, White, & Kemp, 2015; Young, Hay, McWeeny, Flude, & Ellis, 1985; for a detailed review see Osborne & Stevenage, 2008). More recently, experimental work has used a brief period of familiarization to facilitate better recognition accuracy normally associated with familiar face matching, and several studies have reported benefits in performance (Clutterbuck & Johnston, 2005; Dwyer, Mundy, Vladeanu, & Honey, 2009; Mundy, Honey, & Dwyer, 2007). …”

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confidence: 99%

The Utility of Multiple Synthesized Views in the Recognition of Unfamiliar Faces

Jones

Dwyer

Lewis

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The ability to recognize an unfamiliar individual on the basis of prior exposure to a photograph is notoriously poor and prone to errors, but recognition accuracy is improved when multiple photographs are available. In applied situations, when only limited real images are available (e.g., from a mugshot or CCTV image), the generation of new images might provide a technological prosthesis for otherwise fallible human recognition. We report two experiments examining the effects of providing computer-generated additional views of a target face. In Experiment 1, provision of computer-generated views supported better target face recognition than exposure to the target image alone and equivalent performance to that for exposure of multiple photograph views. Experiment 2 replicated the advantage of providing generated views, but also indicated an advantage for multiple viewings of the single target photograph. These results strengthen the claim that identifying a target face can be improved by providing multiple synthesized views based on a single target image. In addition, our results suggest that the degree of advantage provided by synthesized views may be affected by the quality of synthesized material.

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Perceptual learning and acquired face familiarity: Evidence from inversion, use of internal features, and generalization between viewpoints

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Facial Expression Training Optimises Viewing Strategy in Children and Adults

Facial Expression Training Optimises Viewing Strategy in Children and Adults

Learning Faces: Similar Comparator Faces Do Not Improve Performance

The Utility of Multiple Synthesized Views in the Recognition of Unfamiliar Faces

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