Perceptual Homeostasis and Distress Vocalization in Puppies<sup>1</sup>

Fredericson, Emil

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1952.tb01122.x

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It was observed that types of vocalisation have been changed across test weeks. In parallel with findings of Fredericson (14), yelping was the predominant stress vocalisation in 8 week old Kangal puppies in OFT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests

Salgirli¹,

Emre²

2016

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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This study aimed to investigate behavioral developments and breed specific characteristics of Kangal puppies. To this aim, Kangal puppies (23 male, 17 female) were weekly exposed to the repeated open field test (OFT) and barrier test between 3 to 8 weeks after birth. It was detected that 3 weeks old Kangal puppies were able to display explorative behaviors. True thigmotactic behaviors and unsteady walking were only observed when the puppies were 3-weeks-old. When the puppies were 4 weeks old, time spent for standing and walking increased (p˂0.05) and running behavior was first displayed. Sum of durations of passive behaviors increased in general (p˂0.05) and durations of escape behaviors decreased in the 2nd part of the OFT (p˂0.05) in 5-weeks-old puppies. Five weeks old Kangal puppies also started to show success in the barrier test. Common body postures of the puppies were recorded as self confident and attendant along test weeks. These findings suggest that Kangal puppies achieved fine motor abilities such as steady walking and running at 4 weeks of age. Five weeks of age, on the other hand, seemed to be important for development of emotional memory, habituation and problem solving in Kangal puppies. Considering activity levels and body postures of the puppies in repeated OFT exposures, Kangal puppies might be classified as bold puppies according to "Shyness-Boldness" axis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests

Salgirli¹,

Emre²

2016

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…The common precipitating factor was separation from the familiar environment; restraint and confinement were factors only in that they prevented puppies from returning to familiar places. Fredericson (1952) observed that the presence of a littermate will reduce the amount of vocalization by 50-90%, depending on whether the puppies are first tested in the single or the paired condition. Elliott and Scott (1961) found that separation from mother and littermates within the home pen evokes distress vocalization at rates approximately half those produced in an unfamiliar pen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of separation distress in 3 breeds of young dogs

Pettijohn

Wong

Ebert

et al. 1977

Developmental Psychobiology

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Twenty-four puppies (8 each of Shetland sheepdogs, Telomians, and beagles) served as subjects in this experiment which was designed to examine the effectiveness of 12 stimulus conditions (food, toys, canine contact, and human contact) on alleviation of separation-induced distress vocalization. Testing consisted of a prestimulus trial, stimulus trial, and post-stimulus trial each session 3 times a week from 4 to 8 weeks after birth. Overall results showed human contact to be the most effective, followed by canine contact, toys, and food. Breed differences were significant in only 2 of the stimulus conditions. In the typical case of effective treatment, the vocalization rate declined from the prestimulus trial to a low point in the stimulus trial and then increased again in the post-stimulus trial.

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“…Some published reports confirm that the presence of another dog dramatically reduces behavioral distress (Fredericson, 1952;Ross et al, 1960;Scott & Marston, 1950). On the other hand, the presence of a companion does not markedly affect the degree of response to a fear-provoking sound (Davis et al, 1977), and animals tested in pairs were slower to approach an unfamiliar object than were animals tested singly (Davis et al, 1977).…”

Section: Secure Base Effects In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There has also been some investigation of ways of alleviating distress reactions; some of these were discussed in the secure base section. At this point we will only note that familiar housing conditions, the presence of familiar objects or individuals (Elliott & Scott, 1961), or confinement to a sound-proofroom (Scott & DeGhett, 1972) reduce the distress response, whereas physical restraint increases the degree of distress evinced (Fredericson, 1952;Ross et al, 1960). Elliot and Scott (1961) showed that with age controlled, the greater the pup's experience with separation, the less distress it displayed.…”

Section: Separation Effects In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociobiology, brain maturation, and infantile filial attachment

Gibson

1978

Behav Brain Sci

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Abstracts This critical appraisal of contemporary interpretations in the area of infantile attachment begins with an outline of the principal features of the Bowlby-Ainsworth ethological theory, the instrumental/operant learning theory of Gewirtz, and Hoffman's classical conditioning model. Some attention is also given to Cairns's contiguity learning analysis and the Hoffman-Solomon opponentprocess modeL Discussion of these theories is followed by a review of representative data from infants at four phyletic levels (precocial birds, dogs, monkeys, and human beings), with an emphasis on three aspects of social bonding: (a) the formation and persistence of social ties in the infant under conditions of maltreatment, (b) the role of the attachment object in the adjustment of the infant to the broader environment (the so-called secure base effect), and (c) the infant's reaction to involuntary separation from the attachment object.An attempt is made to judge how well each of the interpretations accounts for all or part of the data, with the conclusion that current theories do not accord completely with documented attachment phenomena. The following criticisms are highlighted: Ethological theory emphasizes that infants' behavior systems have been shaped by the ordinarily expectable environment and depend on that environment for their functioning, yet infants of many species form bonds to objects not typical in any species' environment, or even to sources of maltreatment. Learning theory is faulted for making predictions contradicted by the maltreatment data and for a lack of formal mechanisms to account for the secure base and separation effects. The contiguity analysis is criticized for its inability to account for the emergence of certain response patterns during separation, and the opponent-process model is called into question because of its failure to fit important affective dynamics of social separation (a central focus of this theory). Recommendations for future theories of attachment are offered.

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Perceptual Homeostasis and Distress Vocalization in Puppies¹

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests

Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests

Alleviation of separation distress in 3 breeds of young dogs

Sociobiology, brain maturation, and infantile filial attachment

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Perceptual Homeostasis and Distress Vocalization in Puppies1

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests

Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests

Alleviation of separation distress in 3 breeds of young dogs

Sociobiology, brain maturation, and infantile filial attachment

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Perceptual Homeostasis and Distress Vocalization in Puppies¹