Perceptual Factors in Reading Medical Images

Krupiński, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1017/9781108163781.008

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Errors can occur through failure to detect the abnormality, in which case eye-tracking shows no fixation on the abnormality at all (Kundel et al 1978 ). Errors can also occur because of a failure to recognize or interpret the abnormality correctly, although the abnormality is fixated with the eyes (Krupinski 2010b ; Kundel et al 1978 ). The causes of the errors show an overlap of perceptual and conceptual processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric image interpretation in radiology: scroll behavior and cognitive processes

Boer

Schaaf

Vincken

et al. 2018

Adv in Health Sci Educ

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The interpretation of medical images is a primary task for radiologists. Besides two-dimensional (2D) images, current imaging technologies allow for volumetric display of medical images. Whereas current radiology practice increasingly uses volumetric images, the majority of studies on medical image interpretation is conducted on 2D images. The current study aimed to gain deeper insight into the volumetric image interpretation process by examining this process in twenty radiology trainees who all completed four volumetric image cases. Two types of data were obtained concerning scroll behaviors and think-aloud data. Types of scroll behavior concerned oscillations, half runs, full runs, image manipulations, and interruptions. Think-aloud data were coded by a framework of knowledge and skills in radiology including three cognitive processes: perception, analysis, and synthesis. Relating scroll behavior to cognitive processes showed that oscillations and half runs coincided more often with analysis and synthesis than full runs, whereas full runs coincided more often with perception than oscillations and half runs. Interruptions were characterized by synthesis and image manipulations by perception. In addition, we investigated relations between cognitive processes and found an overall bottom-up way of reasoning with dynamic interactions between cognitive processes, especially between perception and analysis. In sum, our results highlight the dynamic interactions between these processes and the grounding of cognitive processes in scroll behavior. It suggests, that the types of scroll behavior are relevant to describe how radiologists interact with and manipulate volumetric images.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric image interpretation in radiology: scroll behavior and cognitive processes

Boer

Schaaf

Vincken

et al. 2018

Adv in Health Sci Educ

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show abstract

“…Moreover, for the RA group, the AUC of the ROC curve falls within the interval of 0.73–0.86. Following the guidelines of designing proper behavior tests for radiological performance [ 3 ], this interval shows that our experimental design is reliable. One month of radiological training in the X-ray department substantially increased their performance, which was illustrated by comments from their senior radiologists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One month of radiological training in the X-ray department substantially increased their performance, which was illustrated by comments from their senior radiologists. This perceptual ability is obtained through training across review hundreds of cases [ 3 , 6 ]. Moreover, although response time (RT) of RET was not used to determine the radiologists’ visual expertise in the clinical scenario, this parameter did reflect the behavioral expertise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given their exceptional radiological-specific visual recognition skill, radiologists serve as a rare but important model to study visual expertise, [ 10 , 11 , 16 , 17 ]. This perceptual specialty is acquired through intensive training during which hundreds of cases are reviewed [ 3 , 6 ]. Recently, a few studies investigated the functional anatomy of visual expertise under tasks using the expertise model of radiologists [ 10 – 12 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual expertise modulates baseline brain activity: a preliminary resting-state fMRI study using expertise model of radiologists

et al. 2022

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Background visual expertise and experience modulate evoked brain activity in response to training-related stimuli. However, few studies have considered how the visual experience is represented in the resting state brain activity. This study tried to investigate the way visual experience, i.e., visual recognition expertise, modulates baseline brain neuronal activity in the resting state using the model of radiologists. Methods The amplitude of low-frequency (< 0.08 Hz) fluctuation (ALFF) was used as the metric of baseline brain activity and a visual expertise model of radiologists to investigated this question. The visual recognition skill enables them to accurately identify pathological information in medical images. After the behavior measurement, a cohort group of radiology interns (n = 22) and a group of matched layperson (n = 22) were selected for inclusion in the study. The resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were performed for all of the subjects. Results Higher ALFF in the right fusiform gyrus and the left orbitofrontal cortex were observed, and the ALFF in the fusiform gyrus was correlated with the intern radiologists’ behavioral expertise(all results corrected for multiple comparisons). Conclusions Visual experience modulates the baseline brain activity in both high-level visual cortex and high-order cognitive cortex, indicating the engagement of both top-down and bottom-up facilitation. We provide a novel perspective to how visual experience modulated cortical brain activity by introducing the resting state changes. Also, we propose that our current study may provide novel ideas for the development of new training protocols in medical school.

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“…Research on expertise in medical image interpretation states that experts have superior perceptual and cognitive abilities ( Krupinski, 2010 ; Manning, 2010 ; Nodine and Mello-Thoms, 2010 ; Reingold and Sheridan, 2011 ; van der Gijp et al, 2014 ). Interestingly, few studies on education explicitly relate to research about visual expertise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Do and Do Not Know about Teaching Medical Image Interpretation

et al. 2017

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Educators in medical image interpretation have difficulty finding scientific evidence as to how they should design their instruction. We review and comment on 81 papers that investigated instructional design in medical image interpretation. We distinguish between studies that evaluated complete offline courses and curricula, studies that evaluated e-learning modules, and studies that evaluated specific educational interventions. Twenty-three percent of all studies evaluated the implementation of complete courses or curricula, and 44% of the studies evaluated the implementation of e-learning modules. We argue that these studies have encouraging results but provide little information for educators: too many differences exist between conditions to unambiguously attribute the learning effects to specific instructional techniques. Moreover, concepts are not uniformly defined and methodological weaknesses further limit the usefulness of evidence provided by these studies. Thirty-two percent of the studies evaluated a specific interventional technique. We discuss three theoretical frameworks that informed these studies: diagnostic reasoning, cognitive schemas and study strategies. Research on diagnostic reasoning suggests teaching students to start with non-analytic reasoning and subsequently applying analytic reasoning, but little is known on how to train non-analytic reasoning. Research on cognitive schemas investigated activities that help the development of appropriate cognitive schemas. Finally, research on study strategies supports the effectiveness of practice testing, but more study strategies could be applicable to learning medical image interpretation. Our commentary highlights the value of evaluating specific instructional techniques, but further evidence is required to optimally inform educators in medical image interpretation.

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Perceptual Factors in Reading Medical Images

Cited by 4 publications

References 93 publications

Volumetric image interpretation in radiology: scroll behavior and cognitive processes

Volumetric image interpretation in radiology: scroll behavior and cognitive processes

Visual expertise modulates baseline brain activity: a preliminary resting-state fMRI study using expertise model of radiologists

What We Do and Do Not Know about Teaching Medical Image Interpretation

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