Perceptual consequences of electrical stimulation in the gustatory system.

Lorenzo, Patricia M. Di; Hecht, Gerald S.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.107.1.130

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…One series of experiments by Di Lorenzo and Hecht (1993) and asked whether taste-specific discharge patterns from neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST; the first synaptic relay for taste in vertebrates) modulate taste-guided licking responses of rats. When they directly stimulated the NST with a train of pulses that mimicked the response to oral stimulation with quinine (a bitter taste stimulus), the rats terminated licking immediately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

Glendinning

Davis²,

Rai³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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The mechanisms that mediate discriminative taste processing in insects are poorly understood. We asked whether temporal patterns of discharge from the peripheral taste system of an insect (Manduca sexta caterpillars; Sphingidae) contribute to the discrimination of three "bitter" taste stimuli: salicin, caffeine, and aristolochic acid. The gustatory response to these stimuli is mediated exclusively by three pairs of bitter-sensitive taste cell, which are located in the medial, lateral, and epipharyngeal sensilla. We tested for discrimination by habituating the caterpillars to salicin and then determining whether the habituation generalized to caffeine or aristolochic acid. We ran habituation-generalization tests in caterpillars with their full complement of taste sensilla (i.e., intact) and in caterpillars with ablated lateral sensilla (i.e., lat-ablated). The latter perturbation enabled us to examine discrimination in caterpillars with a modified peripheral taste profile. We found that the intact and lat-ablated caterpillars both generalized the salicin-habituation to caffeine but not aristolochic acid. Next, we determined whether this pattern of stimulus-generalization could be explained by salicin and aristolochic acid generating distinct ensemble, rate, temporal, or spatiotemporal codes. To this end, we recorded excitatory responses from the bitter-sensitive taste cells and then used these responses to formulate predictions about whether the salicin-habituation should generalize to caffeine or aristolochic acid, separately for each coding framework. We found that the pattern of stimulus generalization in both intact and latablated caterpillars could only be predicted by temporal coding. We conclude that temporal codes from the periphery can mediate discriminative taste processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

Glendinning

Davis²,

Rai³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…injection of LiCl in a conditioned taste aversion paradigm (Di Lorenzo and Hecht, 1993). In this study, a lick of water was followed by a 1 s electrical pulse train in which the temporal arrangement of pulses mimicked the sucrose response of an NTS neuron (called a sucrose simulation pattern, see Fig.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Reading Temporal Codes In the Gustatory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temporal patterns of spikes in these responses were used to construct the electrical pulse trains used in Di Lorenzo and Hecht (1993) and in Di . Right panel shows the pattern of electrical pulse trains over a 1 sec interval.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Reading Temporal Codes In the Gustatory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal coding in the gustatory system

Hallock

Lorenzo

2006

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…In primary gustatory neurons of the rat, neural responses exhibit tastant-specific temporal discharge patterns (Fig. 2C) [61,62]. Electrical stimulation of other rats using recorded temporal response patterns elicit orofacial expressions and behaviors that would normally be associated with the respective tastant.…”

Section: Intrinsic Temporal Patterns For Encoding Sensory Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a number of cases, temporally-patterned electrical stimuli produce taste [61,62], color [78], and pain percepts [9], while randomly patterned electrical stimulation controls do not. Since electrical stimulation with gross electrodes nonspecifically drives large ensembles of neurons in the same way, it is difficult to attribute the effect to activation of particular neuronal types.…”

Section: Percepts Evoked By Temporally-patterned Electrical Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal coding of sensory information in the brain

Cariani

2001

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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Physiological and psychophysical evidence for temporal coding of sensory qualities in different modalities is considered. A space of pulse codes is outlined that includes 1) channel-codes (across-neural activation patterns), 2) temporal pattern codes (spike patterns), and 3) spike latency codes (relative spike timings). Temporal codes are codes in which spike timings (rather than spike counts) are critical to informational function. Stimulus-dependent temporal patterning of neural responses can arise extrinsically or intrinsically: through stimulus-driven temporal correlations (phase-locking), response latencies, or characteristic timecourses of activation. Phase-locking is abundant in audition, mechanoception, electroception, proprioception, and vision. In phase-locked systems, temporal differences between sensory surfaces can subserve representations of location, motion, and spatial form that can be analyzed via temporal cross-correlation operations. To phase-locking limits, patterns of all-order interspike intervals that are produced reflect stimulus autocorrelation functions that can subserve representations of form. Stimulus-dependent intrinsic temporal response structure is found in all sensory systems. Characteristic temporal patterns that may encode stimulus qualities can be found in the chemical senses, the cutaneous senses, and some aspects of vision. In some modalities (audition, gustation, color vision, mechanoception, nocioception), particular temporal patterns of electrical stimulation elicit specific sensory qualities. Keywords GENERAL CLASSES OF NEURAL PULSE CODESThe neural coding problem in perception involves the identification of the neural correlates of sensory distinctions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Sensory information can be encoded in patterns of neurons that respond (channel codes) or in temporal relations between spikes (temporal codes). Temporal codes can be further subdivided into time-of-arrival codes that rely on relative spike timings across neurons and temporal pattern codes that rely on internal patterns of spikes that are produced (Table 1). Here we review psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence that bears on temporal codes in perception.Temporal codes utilize stimulus-dependent time structure in neural responses. This time structure can be produced either through phase-locking or intrinsic response characteristics. The simplest time-of-arrival code compares spike arrival times between two neurons to convey the time difference between them, irrespective of the temporal structure internal to each spike train. In contrast, temporal pattern codes utilize this internal time structure to convey information. Temporal pattern codes utilize interspike intervals [1,8], interval sequences [9], and timecourses of discharge [10,11] to convey information. Both time-of-arrival and temporal pattern codes permit multiplexing of different kinds of information [10], though time-division [12], frequency-division [13,14] and codedivision [9] schemes. Some evidence for temporal codin...

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Perceptual consequences of electrical stimulation in the gustatory system.

Cited by 39 publications

References 50 publications

Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

Temporal coding in the gustatory system

Temporal coding of sensory information in the brain

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