Perceptual completion of partly occluded contours during childhood

Hadad, Bat Sheva; Kimchi, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2017.10.001

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This interpretation of the results is consistent with former studies testing visuospatial integration skills more explicitly (e.g., Hadad & Kimchi, 2006, 2017Hadad et al, 2010;Kovacs, 2000). Consistent with our findings, these studies specifically suggest that the spatial interrelations of elements composing the same object are particularly critical for spatial integration skills in young children and, in some cases, much more so than the spatial relations between an object and its neighboring context (Hadad & Kimchi, 2018;Hadad et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Developmental trends in susceptibility to perceptual illusions: Not all illusions are created equal

Hadad

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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This study examined the development of the utilization of contextual information in visuospatial integration during childhood. We examined four contextual size illusions in children and adults asking whether young children's sensitivity to context is reduced or varies with the perceptual mechanisms or the levels of integration involved. We tested susceptibility to contextual illusions in four-year-olds, seven-year-olds, and adults, employing two psychophysical paradigms, perceptual estimation and a 2AFC discrimination task. We tested susceptibility to Ebbinghaus and Ponzo illusions to estimate the effect of the interaction of object size with its contextual background on the rescaling of its perceived size; we also tested susceptibility to the rectangle and 3D-cube illusions to estimate the effect of the interaction of two dimensions of the target object on the rescaling of its perceived size. While four-year-olds were affected by the Ebbinghaus and Ponzo illusions, they showed no susceptibility to the rectangle or 3D-cube illusion. The results show that, overall, sensitivity to context is not reduced in early childhood; rather, it varies with the perceptual mechanisms or the levels of integration involved. In particular, development is protracted for size illusions in which contextual effects entail the extraction of the relations of dimensions within an object.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Developmental trends in susceptibility to perceptual illusions: Not all illusions are created equal

Hadad

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…(Interestingly, responses on the lower part of each psychometric function (discriminating between each standard weight and its lighter comparisons) were noisier that those on the upper part of these functions. Noisier responses for the lower part of the function could be the result of a conflict between the perceptual representations and the response, in a manner similar to that found in other commonly employed perceptual paradigms (see, for example, (Hadad and Kimchi, 2018; Zemel et al, 2002). In our case, a conflict may have arisen between the response required (‘which is heavier?')…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Sixty-three persons in three groups participated in the experiment: 20 TD adults (mean age = 26.5; range = 24–30 years; 13 females), 26 adults diagnosed with ASD (mean age = 21.5; range = 18–28 years; eight females), and 17 TD children aged 4–5 years (mean age = 4.8; range = 3.9–5.1 years; 11 females; see Table 1) (We set the sample size in advance to match the sample size we typically use in our studies measuring perceptual processes in autism employing within-subject designs. Past experience suggests this sample size is sufficient to show clear differences between groups [e.g., Hadad and Ziv, 2015; Hadad et al, 2017; Hadad and Kimchi, 2018]). Participants had normal or corrected to normal vision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception in autism does not adhere to Weber’s law

Hadad

Schwartz

2019

eLife

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Perceptual atypicalities are a widely acknowledged but poorly understood feature of autism. We demonstrate here a striking violation of one of the most adaptive psychophysical computations – Weber’s law – in high-functioning individuals with autism. JNDs based on the best-fitting psychometric functions were measured for size visual judgments (Exp. 1), weight haptic discrimination (Exp. 2), and illusive perception of weight (brightness-weight illusion; Exp. 3). Results for the typically developed group confirmed Weber’s law, demonstrating a linear increase in JNDs with intensity, resulting in constant fractions across intensities. The results for the ASD, in contrast, showed no scaling of JNDs with intensity; instead, fractions decreased linearly with intensity. In striking contrast to its consistency in typical perception, Weber’s law does not hold for visual and haptic perception in autism. These robust modulations in psychophysical computations, demonstrated for different domains of perception, suggest a modality-independent, low-level mechanism driving altered perception in autism.

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“…Our finding call for caution in interpreting early developing looking patterns in infants. Such patterns may or may not indicate preferences for attended object 32 . Our findings also suggested caution in interpreting methods, such as ‘oculomotor genetic algorithms’, which equate fixation frequency and duration with aesthetic preference 55 , 56 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though we used simple dot patterns to avoid the confounding of prior visual experience, and we controlled other visual features such as balance and crowding scores for the picture pairs, a second possible reason for children’s failure to respond to symmetry stemmed from the competitive effect of dot proximity 31 , 32 (we thank an anonymous reviewer for suggesting this interpretation). To test this possibility, we calculated the correlation between the crowding score of each picture (see Table S1 ) and participants’ preference choices across the picture pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aesthetic preference for symmetry dissociates from early-emerging attention to symmetry

Huang

Xue

Spelke

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Symmetry is a basic geometry property that affects people’s aesthetic experience in common ways across cultures and historical periods, but the origins of the universal preference for symmetrical patterns is not clear. We assessed four-year-old children’s and adults’ reported aesthetic preferences between symmetrical and asymmetrical visual patterns, as well as their spontaneous attentional preferences between the patterns. We found a striking dissociation between these two measures in the children: Children looked longer at the symmetrical patterns, relative to otherwise similar but asymmetrical patterns, but they showed no explicit preference for those patterns. These findings suggest that the human’s aesthetic preferences have high postnatal plasticity, calling into question theories that symmetry is a “core feature” mediating people’s aesthetic experience throughout life. The findings also call into question the assumption, common to many studies of human infants, that attentional choices reflect subjective preferences or values.

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Perceptual completion of partly occluded contours during childhood

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Developmental trends in susceptibility to perceptual illusions: Not all illusions are created equal

Developmental trends in susceptibility to perceptual illusions: Not all illusions are created equal

Perception in autism does not adhere to Weber’s law

The aesthetic preference for symmetry dissociates from early-emerging attention to symmetry

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