Perceptual comparison of ambisonics-based reverberation methods in binaural listening

Engel, Isaac; Henry, Craig; Garí, Sebastià V. Amengual; Robinson, Philip W.; Poirier-Quinot, David; Picinali, Lorenzo

doi:10.25836/sasp.2019.11

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As mentioned earlier, typical loudspeakerbased sound field reproduction methods include vector-based amplitude panning [49] and high-order Ambisonics [50,56,71]. The latter is by far the more popular method for binaural rendering, given its efficient simulation of head rotations ( [56], Section 5.2.2) and manipulation of spatial resolution [72]. However, the Ambisonics processing may have perceivable effects on the binaural signals, which are still being investigated.…”

Section: The Binaural Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once encoded in the Ambisonics domain, a sound field can be mirrored, warped or rotated around the listener through inexpensive algebraic operations [56]. Additionally, it is possible to modify its spatial resolution, which allows to reduce computational costs in the rendering process in exchange for potential perceptual degradation [72,75,76].…”

Section: Binaural Ambisonics-based Reverberation and Spatial Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such cases, it may be beneficial to employ a rendering method that scales well with the number of sources. One such example is the reverberant virtual loudspeaker method (RVL), an Ambisonics-based approach that has the advantage of requiring a fixed amount of real-time convolutions regardless of the number of sources [72,76,83]. This method takes inspiration from the virtual loudspeakers approach [71,80], which decodes an Ambisonics sound field to a virtual loudspeaker grid around the listener and convolves the resulting signals with HRIRs to generate the binaural output.…”

Section: Reverberant Virtual Loudspeaker (Rvl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reverberation and its Binaural Reproduction: The Trade-off between Computational Efficiency and Perceived Quality

Engel¹,

Picinali²

2022

Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio

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Accurately rendering reverberation is critical to produce realistic binaural audio, particularly in augmented reality applications where virtual objects must blend in seamlessly with real ones. However, rigorously simulating sound waves interacting with the auralised space can be computationally costly, sometimes to the point of being unfeasible in real time applications on resource-limited mobile platforms. Luckily, knowledge of auditory perception can be leveraged to make computational savings without compromising quality. This chapter reviews different approaches and methods for rendering binaural reverberation efficiently, focusing specifically on Ambisonics-based techniques aimed at reducing the spatial resolution of late reverberation components. Potential future research directions in this area are also discussed.

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Section: The Binaural Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Binaural Ambisonics-based Reverberation and Spatial Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reverberant Virtual Loudspeaker (Rvl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reverberation and its Binaural Reproduction: The Trade-off between Computational Efficiency and Perceived Quality

Engel¹,

Picinali²

2022

Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio

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Influence of Directional Sound Cues on Users’ Exploration Across 360° Movie Cuts

Masiá

Camon

Gutiérrez

et al. 2021

IEEE Comput. Grap. Appl.

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Virtual reality (VR) is a powerful medium for 360 • storytelling, yet content creators are still in the process of developing cinematographic rules for effectively communicating stories in VR. Traditional cinematography has relied for over a century in well-established techniques for editing, and one of the most recurrent resources for this are cinematic cuts that allow content creators to seamlessly transition between scenes. One fundamental assumption of these techniques is that the content creator can control the camera, however, this assumption breaks in VR: users are free to explore the 360 • around them. Recent works have studied the effectiveness of different cuts in 360 • content, but the effect of directional sound cues while experiencing these cuts has been less explored. In this work, we provide the first systematic analysis of the influence of directional sound cues in users' behavior across 360 • movie cuts, providing insights that can have an impact on deriving conventions for VR storytelling.

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Binaural reproduction of dummy head and spherical microphone array data—A perceptual study on the minimum required spatial resolution

Lübeck

Arend

Pörschmann

2022

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Dynamic binaural synthesis requires binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) for each head orientation of the listener. Such BRIRs can either be measured with a dummy head or calculated from the spherical microphone array (SMA) data. Because the dense dummy head measurements require enormous effort, alternatively sparse measurements can be performed and then interpolated in the spherical harmonics domain. The real-world SMAs, on the other hand, have a limited number of microphones, resulting in spatial undersampling artifacts. For both of the methods, the spatial order N of the underlying sampling grid influences the reproduction quality. This paper presents two listening experiments to determine the minimum spatial order for the direct sound, early reflections, and reverberation of the dummy head or SMA measurements required to generate the horizontally head-tracked binaural synthesis perceptually indistinguishable from a high-resolution reference. The results indicate that for direct sound, N = 9–13 is required for the dummy head BRIRs, but significantly higher orders of N = 17–20 are required for the SMA BRIRs. Furthermore, significantly lower orders are required for the late parts with N = 4–5 for the early reflections and reverberation of the dummy head BRIRs but N = 12–13 for the early reflections and N = 6–9 for the reverberation of the SMA BRIRs.

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Perceptual comparison of ambisonics-based reverberation methods in binaural listening

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Reverberation and its Binaural Reproduction: The Trade-off between Computational Efficiency and Perceived Quality

Reverberation and its Binaural Reproduction: The Trade-off between Computational Efficiency and Perceived Quality

Influence of Directional Sound Cues on Users’ Exploration Across 360° Movie Cuts

Binaural reproduction of dummy head and spherical microphone array data—A perceptual study on the minimum required spatial resolution

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