Perceptual and Environmental Determinants of Coughing

Pennebaker, James W.

doi:10.1207/s15324834basp0101_6

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In line with this, Pennebaker (1980) found that individuals cough more in boring situations than they do in stimulating ones. Similarly, research indicates that both distraction and low anxiety can reduce experimentally induced pain (James and Harardottir, 2002) and Eiser (2000) found that symptom perception can be influenced by the way focus and attention are directed.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Generating physical symptoms from visual cues: An experimental study

Ogden

Zoukas

2009

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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This experimental study explored whether the physical symptoms of cold, pain and itchiness could be generated by visual cues, whether they varied in the ease with which they could be generated and whether they were related to negative affect. Participants were randomly allocated by group to watch one of three videos relating to cold (eg. ice, snow, wind), pain (eg. sporting injuries, tattoos) or itchiness (eg. head lice, scratching).They then rated their self reported symptoms of cold, pain and itchiness as well as their negative affect (depression and anxiety). The researcher recorded their observed behaviour relating to these symptoms. The results showed that the interventions were successful and that all three symptoms could be generated by the visual cues in terms of both self report and observed behaviour. In addition, the pain video generated higher levels of anxiety and depression than the other two videos. Further, the degree of itchiness was related to the degree of anxiety. This symptom onset process also showed variability between symptoms with self reported cold symptoms being greater than either pain or itchy symptoms. The results show that physical symptoms can be generated by visual cues indicating that psychological factors are not only involved in symptom perception but also in symptom onset.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Generating physical symptoms from visual cues: An experimental study

Ogden

Zoukas

2009

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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“…For example, physically copresent audience members in non-musical contexts can be affected by the reactions of those around them (see e.g., Pennebaker, 1980; Mann et al, 2013), and listeners' evaluations of the quality of music in an online marketplace can be affected by their knowledge of the evaluative judgments of other listeners (Salganik et al, 2006). This suggests that listeners who are aware of other listeners' reactions should end up with more similar interpretations to each other, although it doesn't suggest how similar their interpretations might be with performers'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our focus is on listeners' understanding during solo listening to an audiorecording of a live performance, rather than how listeners experience a live (or audio- or videorecorded) performance in which they are physically copresent with and can be affected by the reactions of other listeners as an audience in a shared space (e.g., Pennebaker, 1980; Mann et al, 2013; Koehler and Broughton, 2016; Zadeh, in press). Because listeners are not copresent with the performers nor do they see video of the performers, additional factors that can affect audience experience, like eye contact between performers and audience members (e.g., Antonietti et al, 2009) or visual characteristics of the performers (Davidson, 2001, 2012; Thompson et al, 2005; Mitchell and MacDonald, 2012; Morrison et al, 2014), do not come into play.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listeners' and Performers' Shared Understanding of Jazz Improvisations

Schober

Spiro

2016

Front. Psychol.

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This study explores the extent to which a large set of musically experienced listeners share understanding with a performing saxophone-piano duo, and with each other, of what happened in three improvisations on a jazz standard. In an online survey, 239 participants listened to audio recordings of three improvisations and rated their agreement with 24 specific statements that the performers and a jazz-expert commenting listener had made about them. Listeners endorsed statements that the performers had agreed upon significantly more than they endorsed statements that the performers had disagreed upon, even though the statements gave no indication of performers' levels of agreement. The findings show some support for a more-experienced-listeners-understand-more-like-performers hypothesis: Listeners with more jazz experience and with experience playing the performers' instruments endorsed the performers' statements more than did listeners with less jazz experience and experience on different instruments. The findings also strongly support a listeners-as-outsiders hypothesis: Listeners' ratings of the 24 statements were far more likely to cluster with the commenting listener's ratings than with either performer's. But the pattern was not universal; particular listeners even with similar musical backgrounds could interpret the same improvisations radically differently. The evidence demonstrates that it is possible for performers' interpretations to be shared with very few listeners, and that listeners' interpretations about what happened in a musical performance can be far more different from performers' interpretations than performers or other listeners might assume.

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“…Interesting seems to correspond to higher levels of activity, that is. more information is assimilated from the environment (Pennebaker, 1980). It designates the "moving edge of assimilation" (Dember & Earl, 1957), where tasks tax a subject's capacity but offer a chance of successful assimilation (Eckblad, 1981 b, p. 94).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Assimilation Resistance and Affective Responses in Problem Solving

Kroonenberg¹,

Snyder²

1989

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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'Data on prohlem solving collected within the framework of Eckhlad's ( l l >sib) cognitive theory of affect are analy/.cd with three-mode principal component analysis"] Eckhlad's theory contends that affect is mediated hy cognitive schemes. When schemes are inadequate for input assimilation, the resistances call forth affects with respect to the events. In thi^ study, the task information load was varied to provide different levels of resistance. Data comprised 6 judgment scales (Pleasant-Unpleasant. Interesting-Boring. Comfortable-Uncomfortable. ComplexSimple. Varied-Monotone, and Confused-Clear) hy 8 prohlem solving tasks (ordered a priori hy information load) hy 32 thirteen-year-old hoys. The general results were consistent with the hypotheses of curvex scale relationships and joint scale-task fan-shaped vector configurations. hut the fit was modest and vulnerable to other interpretations. Although many of the problems were accommodated hy Eckhlad's general scheme theory, it is suggested that assimilation resistance must he more rigorously operationali/ed to afford greater insight into the correspondence between cognition and affect. Un general, this study illustrates the effectiveness of the threemode principal component analysis (TUCKALS) method for the assessment of the nomothetic validity of a theoretical framework as it pertains to within and across person variation.

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Perceptual and Environmental Determinants of Coughing

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Generating physical symptoms from visual cues: An experimental study

Generating physical symptoms from visual cues: An experimental study

Listeners' and Performers' Shared Understanding of Jazz Improvisations

Individual Differences in Assimilation Resistance and Affective Responses in Problem Solving

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