Perceptual alternation in obsessive compulsive disorder — implications for a role of the cortico-striatal circuitry in mediating awareness

Li, Chiang‐Shan R.; Chen, Mon-chu; Yang, Yuchen; Chang, Hsueh‐Ling; Liu, Chia‐Yih; Shen, Seng; Chen, Ching‐Yen

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00140-6

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Another line of evidence consistent with this hypothesis was reported in a preliminary, but intriguing, study (Ray Li et al, 2000) using a binocular rivalry paradigm. A different object was projected to each eye, and participants were asked to report what they perceived.…”

Section: High Transition Uncertainty Can Explain Abnormalities In Thesupporting

confidence: 67%

“…explains the data), and that due to the contradictory sensory evidence, considerable PEs remain for each model (Weilnhammer, Stuke, Hessel-mann, Sterzer, & Schmack, 2017). This study found increased perceptual switching in OCD (Ray Li et al, 2000), which is predicted by increased weighting of PEs.…”

Section: High Transition Uncertainty Can Explain Abnormalities In Thementioning

confidence: 50%

“…Finally, this increased weighting of PEs seems more likely to be the result of high transition uncertainty than underestimation of sensory noise. Indeed, in two studies (Ray Li et al, 2000;Vaghi et al, 2017), increased weighting of PEs was related to perceiving the world as highly unstable.…”

Section: High Transition Uncertainty Can Explain Abnormalities In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Searching for an anchor in an unpredictable world: A computational model of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Fradkin

Adams

Parr

et al. 2020

Psychological Review

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In this article, we develop a computational model of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). We propose that OCD is characterized by a difficulty in relying on past events to predict the consequences of patients' own actions and the unfolding of possible events. Clinically, this corresponds both to patients' difficulty in trusting their own actions (and therefore repeating them), and to their common preoccupation with unlikely chains of events. Critically, we develop this idea on the basis of the well-developed framework of the Bayesian brain, where this impairment is formalized as excessive uncertainty regarding state transitions. We illustrate the validity of this idea using quantitative simulations and use these to form specific empirical predictions. These predictions are evaluated in relation to existing evidence, and are used to delineate directions for future research. We show how seemingly unrelated findings and phenomena in OCD can be explained by the model including: a persistent experience that actions were not adequately performed and a tendency to repeat actions; excessive information gathering (i.e. checking); indecisiveness and pathological doubt; overreliance on habits at the expense of goal-directed behavior; and over-responsiveness to sensory stimuli, thoughts, and feedback. We discuss the relationship and interaction between our model and other prominent models of OCD, including models focusing on harm-avoidance, not-just-right experiences, or impairments in goal-directed behavior. Finally, we outline potential clinical implications and suggest lines for future research.

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Section: High Transition Uncertainty Can Explain Abnormalities In Thesupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: High Transition Uncertainty Can Explain Abnormalities In Thementioning

confidence: 50%

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Searching for an anchor in an unpredictable world: A computational model of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Fradkin

Adams

Parr

et al. 2020

Psychological Review

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“…Indeed, many Drosophila learning and memory mutants have been found to also be defective in visual attention (Van Swinderen et al, 2009), providing promising candidates for further study in rivalry paradigms. On a broader scale, a variety of psychiatric disorders have been shown, albeit with less evidence than BD, to exhibit switch rate anomalies, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; fast with AFR; Gorenstein et al, 1989) and anxiety disorders (fast with AFR and BR; Meldman, 1965; Li et al, 2000; Nagamine et al, 2007). Genes associated with these disorders (and associated with BD, as mentioned above) in humans might be screened in Drosophila mutants, first via a high-throughput visual maze paradigm, followed by tethered paradigms in select strains displaying aberrant phenotypes.…”

Section: Utilizing the Genetic Workhorse Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Switching in Humans and Flies: Rivalry in Large and Miniature Brains

Miller¹,

Ngo²,

Swinderen³

2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Human perception, and consequently behavior, is driven by attention dynamics. In the special case of rivalry, where attention alternates between competing percepts, such dynamics can be measured and their determinants investigated. A recent study in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, now shows that the origins of attentional rivalry may be quite ancient. Furthermore, individual variation exists in the rate of attentional rivalry in both humans and flies, and in humans this is under substantial genetic influence. In the pathophysiological realm, slowing of rivalry rate is associated with the heritable psychiatric condition, bipolar disorder. Fly rivalry may therefore prove a powerful model to examine genetic and molecular influences on rivalry rate, and may even shed light on human cognitive and behavioral dysfunction.

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“…Research on the dynamics of bistable perception has clear clinical relevance. Over the past several decades, many studies have consistently shown that subjects with pathological conditions have abnormal patterns of bistable perception compared with healthy subjects (Calvert et al, 1988; Pettigrew and Miller, 1998; Li et al, 2000; Miller et al, 2003; Krug et al, 2008; Nagamine et al, 2009; Robertson et al, 2013; Said et al, 2013; Freyberg et al, 2015; Xiao et al, 2018). One notable example is the slower rate of binocular rivalry alternations observed in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) (Pettigrew and Miller, 1998; Miller et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slower and Less Variable Binocular Rivalry Rates in Patients With Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Major Depression, and Schizophrenia

Zhu

Zhou³

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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When two different images are presented to the two eyes dichoptically, observers usually experience a perceptual alternation between the two images. This phenomenon, known as binocular rivalry, has been used as a powerful tool to investigate mechanisms of visual awareness. It was also found that the rates of perceptual alternation are slower in patients with bipolar disorder than in healthy controls ( Pettigrew and Miller, 1998 ; Miller et al., 2003 ). To investigate the broader clinical relevance of binocular rivalry in psychiatric disorders, we measured the perceptual alternation rates during rivalry in healthy controls ( n = 39) and in patients with different types of psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder type I (BD, n = 28), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 22), major depression (MD, n = 50), schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 44), and first-degree relatives (FDRs) of SCZ patients ( n = 32). Participants viewed competing red–green images on a computer monitor through red–green anaglyph glasses and pressed buttons to record their perceptual alternations. The distributions of the rivalry rates were well described by a lognormal function in all groups. Critically, the median rate of perceptual alternation was 0.27 Hz for BD patients, 0.26 Hz for the OCD patients, 0.25 Hz for the MD patients, and 0.23 Hz and 0.27 Hz for the SCZ patients and their FDRs, respectively. All of which were significantly slower than the rate of 0.41 Hz obtained for the healthy controls, suggesting there may be shared genotypes between these different disorders. While rivalry alternations were generally slower in different types of psychiatric disorders compared to healthy controls, adding variance of rivalry rates in the analysis helped to partially separate among the different patient groups. Our results suggest that the slowing of binocular rivalry is likely due to certain common factors among the patient groups, but more subtle differences between different patient groups could be revealed when additional properties of rivalry dynamics are considered.

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Perceptual alternation in obsessive compulsive disorder — implications for a role of the cortico-striatal circuitry in mediating awareness

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Searching for an anchor in an unpredictable world: A computational model of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Searching for an anchor in an unpredictable world: A computational model of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Attentional Switching in Humans and Flies: Rivalry in Large and Miniature Brains

Slower and Less Variable Binocular Rivalry Rates in Patients With Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Major Depression, and Schizophrenia

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