Perceptions of Workplace Bullying Among Athletic Trainers in the Collegiate Setting

Weuve, Celest; Pitney, William A.; Martin, Malissa; Mazerolle, Stephanie M.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.13

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The setting is becoming more popular and of great interest for newly credentialed ATs, and thus, understanding more about the experiences of ATs in this setting is imperative. Recent studies 16,17 revealed that WPB was occurring in the collegiate setting, another popular workplace; however, the expectations and demands can vary from those in the secondary school setting. The purpose of our study, therefore, was to examine the prevalence of WPB among ATs in the secondary school setting and identify the personnel involved in the bullying acts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The research design was borrowed from our previously published studies 16,17 examining WPB in the collegiate setting. A cross-sectional survey was first used to examine the prevalence of WPB and individuals' experiences with bullying events-this constituted phase I of the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semistructured interviews were conducted via phone with each researcher using a previously constructed and validated interview guide (Appendix). 17 Interviews averaged 20 minutes and were completed over 1 month. Data were examined using an inductive content analysis.…”

Section: Phase IImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 This research has revealed the presence of WPB in the collegiate setting and identified coaches and administrators as the predominant perpetrators of bullying events. 16,17 Given the nature of the secondary school setting with multiple levels of teams and coaches, fewer staff athletic trainers (ATs), and increased interactions with parents, exploring the prevalence of WPB will provide insights regarding interpersonal conflict in this practice setting. This is particularly important because of its continued growth as an employment setting for ATs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experiences With and Perceptions of Workplace Bullying Among Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School Setting

Pitney

Weuve

Mazerolle

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Workplace bullying (WPB) has recently received much attention in society. Research on WPB in athletic training practice settings is limited.Objective: To determine the prevalence of WPB in the secondary school setting and explore the factors related to it.Design: Mixed-methods study. , aged 36.5 6 11.1 years with 11.9 6 9.5 years of experience took part in phase I. Ten participants (7 women and 3 men), aged 39.3 6 10.1 years with 14.3 6 8.3 years of experience, took part in phase II.Data Collection and Analysis: For the online survey, we used the previously validated and reliable (Cronbach a ¼ .84) Athletic Training Workplace Environment Survey, which included the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. The prevalence of WPB was measured with descriptive statistics, and v 2 analyses were used to compare differences between groups (ie, females and males, perpetrators' titles). The interview data were examined using an inductive content analysis.Results: Of the participants, 44 (7.8%) were empirically identified as targets of bullying, though a higher percentage (12.4%, n ¼ 70) self-identified as bullying targets. Men and women did not differ with respect to having experienced WPB, but more perpetrators were male (71.6%, n ¼ 48) than female (28.4%, n ¼ 19; v 2 1 ¼ 12.55, P ¼ ,.001). We also observed a difference in perpetrators' titles, with the vast majority of bullies being coaches or administrators (v 2 6 ¼ 33.82, P ¼ ,.001). Lack of administrator support and discrimination were antecedents of bullying. Stress, depression, and sleep disturbances were reported consequences. Participants coped with bullying by avoidance and role refocusing.Conclusions: Bullying was experienced by a small percentage of athletic trainers in the secondary school setting, a contrast to the findings in the collegiate practice setting.Key Words: interpersonal conflict, workplace aggression, harassment Key PointsWorkplace bullying of athletic trainers occurred less often in the secondary school than in the collegiate setting. Bullies were typically coaches, administrators, or parents, and women were bullied more frequently than men. Being bullied was associated with stress, depression, sleep disturbances, and self-doubt. Targets dealt with bullying by avoiding the perpetrator and refocusing on their role. Developing workplace-bullying policies and educating employees on proper workplace behavior can help to reduce the level of bullying experienced by employees.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase IImentioning

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Experiences With and Perceptions of Workplace Bullying Among Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School Setting

Pitney

Weuve

Mazerolle

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…2 In the athletic training literature, workplace bullying has also been used to describe negative interactions between ATs and the individuals they work with, including coaches. [3][4][5] The values of ATs and coaches are often dichotomous, and pressure to make premature return-to-play decisions, either to satisfy a coach or for job security, does not allow ATs to operate in the best interests of athletes. For this reason, as indicated by the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) and 5 other medical associations, 1 a coach should never be the primary supervisor of team physicians or ATs or have influence on the employment status of these medical professionals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Faced by Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Part I: Organizational Conflict and Clinical Decision Making

Lacy

Bowman

Singe

2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Organizational conflict, particularly between coaches and medical professionals, has been reported in collegiate athletics. Different values create room for conflict between coaches and athletic trainers (ATs); however, ATs' experiences when making medical decisions are not fully understood. Objective To investigate the presence of organizational conflict regarding medical decision making and determine if differences exist across athletic affiliations. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Collegiate athletics (National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA], National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics [NAIA], National Junior College Athletic Association [NJCAA]). Patients or Other Participants A total of 434 ATs responded (age = 27.7 ± 3.2 years, years certified = 5.2 ± 2.7), representing the NCAA Division I (DI; n = 199), Division II (DII; n = 67), Division III (DIII; n = 108); NAIA (n = 37); and NJCAA (n = 23) settings. Main Outcome Measure(s) The survey instrument contained quantitative measures and open-ended questions, with affiliation as our primary independent variable. Responses to Likert-scale questions (1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree) regarding organizational pressures within athletics served as the dependent variables. Kruskal-Wallis analysis-of-variance and Mann-Whitney U post hoc tests assessed differences in organizational conflict across affiliations. Open-ended questions were analyzed inductively. Results We obtained a 14.47% (434 of 3000) response rate. National Collegiate Athletic Association DI ATs disagreed less than NCAA DII and DIII and NJCAA ATs that they would worry about job security if turnover in the head coaching position occurred (P < .05). Regarding the influence of coaches on job performance, differences were found between NCAA DI and DIII and between DI and NJCAA ATs (P < .01). Visibility of the injury and situational factors influenced the level of perceived pressure. Conclusions Athletic trainers perceived pressure from coaches regarding medical decision making. Division I ATs placed greater emphasis on the role that coaches played in their job performance and job security. Athletic departments should consider transitioning to patient-centered models of care to better align values and reduce the external pressures placed on ATs.

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Bullying in the Workplace

Coyne¹,

Ng²

2021

The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying

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Perceptions of Workplace Bullying Among Athletic Trainers in the Collegiate Setting

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Experiences With and Perceptions of Workplace Bullying Among Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School Setting

Experiences With and Perceptions of Workplace Bullying Among Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School Setting

Challenges Faced by Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Part I: Organizational Conflict and Clinical Decision Making

Bullying in the Workplace

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