Perceptions of Plurality: The Impact of the Refugee Crisis on the Interpretation of Religious Pluralization in Europe

Pickel, Gert

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67961-7_2

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In general, Eastern European citizens rely on media information to build their opinion about Muslims. Shocking news dominates the headlines: As Muslims are frequently portrayed as fanatical fundamentalists, that are prone to violence, many Europeans associate Muslims with terrorism (Pickel 2018). Populist leaders are the major beneficiaries of this trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We argue that the sheer absence of Muslims can even intensify anti-Muslim prejudice. Most European citizens have a rather restricted knowledge about Islam and seldomly meet Muslims as 'normal citizens' (Pickel 2018). This pattern particularly applies to Eastern European citizens as they tend to have 'para-social contacts' with Muslims (Horton and Wohl 1956).…”

Section: The Puzzle: Islamophobia Without Muslims?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Islamophobia Without Muslims? The “Contact Hypothesis” as an Explanation for Anti-Muslim Attitudes – Eastern European Societies in a Comparative Perspective

Pickel

Öztürk

2018

Journal of Nationalism, Memory &Amp; Language Politics

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Even though Muslim communities are virtually absent in most Eastern European societies new research shows that Islamophobia is more widespread in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe. The existence of ‘Islamophobia without Muslims’ is surprising prima facie, but in fact this empirical pattern reflects the assumption of the contact hypothesis. In a nutshell, the contact hypothesis argues that an individual’s contact with members of an ‘outgroup’ is conducive to refute existing prejudice and stereotypes. We test the explanatory power of the contact hypothesis on both the individual and the societal level. Empirically, we draw our data from the European Social Survey (2014), which allows us to conduct a systematic comparison of Eastern and Western European societies and to account for other well-established social psychological theories of prejudice and stereotyping (e. g. Social Identity Theory, Integrated Threat Theory). Our empirical results show that people with less or no contact are more prone to Islamophobic attitudes. This pattern is characteristic for Eastern European countries as the sheer absence of Muslim communities in these societies turns out to be a relevant explanation for anti-Muslim prejudice. Eastern European citizens tend to have para-social-contacts with Muslims. In general, they rely on media and statements of (populist) politicians, to build their opinions about Muslims. Negative news coverage fueled by terrorist attacks shapes the prevailing image of all Muslims, media consumption therefore intensifies already existing anti-Muslim sentiments. As a result, Eastern European countries have been comparatively unpopular choices for migrants to settle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Puzzle: Islamophobia Without Muslims?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Islamophobia Without Muslims? The “Contact Hypothesis” as an Explanation for Anti-Muslim Attitudes – Eastern European Societies in a Comparative Perspective

Pickel

Öztürk

2018

Journal of Nationalism, Memory &Amp; Language Politics

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“…3 Stoga se u suvremenim imigracijskim zemljama ksenofobija sve češće manifestira ponajprije kao islamofobija (v. npr. Pickel, 2018;Brubaker, 2015;Strabac, Aalberg i Valenta, 2014).…”

Section: Josip Kumpesunclassified

Religioznost i stavovi prema imigrantima u Hrvatskoj

Kumpes

2018

MET

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Istraživanja pokazuju sklonost da se precjenjuje udio imigranata u ukupnom stanovništvu u zemljama primitka (Citrin i Sides, 2008). Ilustrativan je primjerice Eurobarometrov podatak za zemlje Europske unije, u kojima trećina ispitanika 2017. godine nije mogla procijeniti broj stranaca koji nisu porijeklom iz zemalja Europske unije u svojim zemljama. Oni koji su procijenili uglavnom su precijenili udio imigranata. Izuzetak su Hrvatska, Estonija i Švedska, u kojima su ispitanici, redom, potpuno točno procijenili, blago podcijenili i blago precijenili njihov udio u ukupnom stanovništvu svoje zemlje. U svim ostalim zemljama precijenili su njihov udio, a u devetnaest zemalja čak dvostruko i više. Među njima se posebno ističu Rumunjska, Bugarska i Poljska, gdje je dojam o udjelu imigranata osam puta veći od njihova stvarnog broja, i Slovačka, u kojoj je procjena veća čak četrnaest puta (European Commission, 2018).

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“…Accumulative disadvantage has been associated with several physical and mental health risks (Crystal, Shea, & Reyes, ). For countries with long histories of discrimination, including the United States, considering religious and racial/ethnic minorities' beliefs and views of marriage is particularly important (Ryan, ; Scheitle & Ecklund, ); in Europe, the growth in refugee and minority populations also makes this an important consideration (Pickel, ). Thus, by viewing Biltgård and Öberg's findings from a cumulative inequality theory lens, deeper exploration is possible.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimacy and Ageing: New Relationships in Later Life. TorbjörnBiltgård and PeterÖberg. 2017. London, England: Policy Press. ISBN 978‐1‐4473‐2649‐6.

Seidel

2020

J of Family Theo & Revie

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Perceptions of Plurality: The Impact of the Refugee Crisis on the Interpretation of Religious Pluralization in Europe

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Islamophobia Without Muslims? The “Contact Hypothesis” as an Explanation for Anti-Muslim Attitudes – Eastern European Societies in a Comparative Perspective

Islamophobia Without Muslims? The “Contact Hypothesis” as an Explanation for Anti-Muslim Attitudes – Eastern European Societies in a Comparative Perspective

Religioznost i stavovi prema imigrantima u Hrvatskoj

Intimacy and Ageing: New Relationships in Later Life. TorbjörnBiltgård and PeterÖberg. 2017. London, England: Policy Press. ISBN 978‐1‐4473‐2649‐6.

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