Perceptions of people with personality disorders based on thin slices of behavior

Oltmanns, Thomas F.; Friedman, Jacqueline N.W.; Fiedler, Edna R.; Turkheimer, Eric

doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00066-7

Cited by 164 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In line with this reasoning, studies have documented that the prosocial intent of others is highly detectable on the basis of brief observations of nonverbal behavior (21,(26)(27)(28)(29). The present study extends this research by showing that based on witnessing only 20 s of silent behavior of the targets, naive observers attributed greater prosociality to targets homozygous for the G allele on an SNP of OXTR (rs53576), which has been found in other studies to predict prosociality (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), than to carriers of the A allele.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Dozens of empirical studies have established that naive observers can make rapid and accurate judgments about the traits and intentions of target individuals based on the briefest of observations, or "thin slices," of behavior (26). For example, naive observers can make reliable judgments about a target's personality traits (26)(27)(28), socioeconomic status (21), and the truthfulness of his or her confessions (29) based upon seeing 1 min or less of the target's behavior, often with no sound. Some evidence also suggests that behavioral patterns associated with different testosterone levels are also detectable from thin slices (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thin-slicing study of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and the evaluation and expression of the prosocial disposition

Kogan

Saslow

Impett

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

195

143

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The authors wish to note the following: "In our paper, a cocrystal structure at 2.2 Å resolution was described of the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit Gαi1 bound to two peptides: one from an artificial sequence that promotes nucleotide exchange (KB-752) and a second peptide (D2N) from the third intracellular loop of the D2 dopamine receptor (PDB ID code 2HLB). Further examination of the unbiased electron density map has revealed that, while electron density exists for the KB-752 peptide, there is a lack of clear and continuous electron density for the D2N receptor peptide in the complex. Because the structural model represents a major conclusion of the paper but is unsupported by the experimental electron density map, we wish to retract the paper. Both authors deeply regret this mistake and sincerely apologize."

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-slicing study of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and the evaluation and expression of the prosocial disposition

Kogan

Saslow

Impett

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

195

143

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“…Actual status selfenhancement may not have the same negative social costs as perceived status self-enhancement because actual self-enhancement is sometimes hidden under a veneer of charm and likeability (Oltmanns, Friedman, Fiedler, & Turkheimer, 2004;Paulhus, 1998).…”

Section: Study 3: the Consequences Of Status Self-enhancement In Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Punishing Hubris: The Perils of Overestimating One's Status in a Group

Anderson

Ames

Gosling

2008

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

195

171

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Individuals engage in status self-enhancement when they form an overly positive perception of their status in a group. We argue that status self-enhancement incurs social costs and, therefore, most individuals perceive their status accurately. In contrast, theories of positive illusions suggest status self-enhancement is beneficial for the individual and that most individuals overestimate their status. We found supportive evidence for our hypotheses in a social relations analysis of laboratory groups, an experiment that manipulated status self-enhancement, and a study of real-world groups. Individuals who engaged in status self-enhancement were liked less by others and paid less for their work. Moreover, individuals tended to perceive their status highly accurately. Mediation analyses showed that status self-enhancers were socially punished because they were seen as disruptive to group processes.

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“…How quickly this personality style manifests this interpersonal impairment is up for debate. There is some evidence that the interpersonal difficulties associated with narcissism are only apparent over time, with narcissism being associated with apparently positive interpersonal functioning during initial relationship stages (27)(28). However, other studies have found that individuals with unrealistically high positive self-evaluations are rated negatively by independent raters following a very brief competitive interaction with a peer (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Narcissistic personality disorder: relations with distress and functional impairment

Miller¹,

Campbell²,

Pilkonis³

2007

Comprehensive Psychiatry

248

146

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This study examined the construct validity of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) by examining the relations between NPD and measures of psychological distress and functional impairment both concurrently and prospectively across two samples. In particular, the goal was to address whether NPD typically "meets" Criterion C of the DSM-IV definition of Personality Disorder, which requires that the symptoms lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning. Sample 1 (N =152) was composed of individuals receiving psychiatric treatment, while Sample 2 (N=151) was composed of both psychiatric patients (46%) and individuals from the community. NPD was linked to ratings of depression, anxiety, and several measures of impairment both concurrently and at 6-month follow-up. However, the relations between NPD and psychological distress were (a) small, especially in concurrent measurements, and (b) largely mediated by impaired functioning. NPD was most strongly related to causing pain and suffering to others, and this relationship was significant even when other Cluster B personality disorders were controlled. These findings suggest that NPD is a maladaptive personality style which primarily causes dysfunction and distress in interpersonal domains. The behavior of narcissistic individuals ultimately leads to problems and distress for the narcissistic individuals and for those with whom they interact. Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Relations with distress and functional impairmentNarcissistic personality disorder (NPD), despite substantial interest from a theoretical perspective, has received very little empirical attention (1). In fact, some have concluded that "most of the literature regarding patients suffering with narcissistic personality disorder is based on clinical experience and theoretical formulations, rather than empirical evidence" (2; p. 303). A large majority of empirical studies on narcissism come from a social-personality psychology perspective which, while methodologically sophisticated and important, may not pertain to Narcissistic PD given the reliance on undergraduate samples and the use of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI, 3). Trull and McCrae (4) have noted that narcissism measured by the NPI appears to be made up of high Extraversion, low Agreeableness, and low Neuroticism from the Five-Factor Model of personality (5), while DSM definitions suggest low Agreeableness, high Neuroticism and no relation with Extraversion. These authors suggest that "most narcissistic scales do not square well with DSM-III-R criteria for NAR" (4; p.53).1 Correspondence concerning this article can be addressed to Joshua D. Miller, Ph.D., Psychology Building, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Fax: (706) 542-8048 E-mail: jdmiller@uga.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will un...

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Perceptions of people with personality disorders based on thin slices of behavior

Cited by 164 publications

References 18 publications

Thin-slicing study of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and the evaluation and expression of the prosocial disposition

Thin-slicing study of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and the evaluation and expression of the prosocial disposition

Punishing Hubris: The Perils of Overestimating One's Status in a Group

Narcissistic personality disorder: relations with distress and functional impairment

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