Perceptions of How the Transition From Home Life to College Life Affects Type 1 Diabetes Management

Emergence of a butterfly: the life experiences of type 1 diabetes Taiwanese patients during the 16–25 years old transition period

“…In our study, among the 10 participants treated with insulin pen, 90% had HbAlc values in the last two times exceed the recommended range of 7.5 gm/dl, and even 70% of them had values exceeding 10 gm/dl, which not only interfered with their sleep but also made some of them lose confidence in disease selfmanagement due to depression. This is consistent with other research findings (Ersig et al, 2016;Fedor et al, 2017). Analysis of the causes of poor blood glucose control showed that the hormonal changes of four participants in adolescence may have increased the insulin demand, which is an important cause of blood glucose instability (Chiang et al, 2016; International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018, 2018).…”

“…Patients in such scenarios often do not know how to explain or clarify the disease. This result is similar to the findings of Abdoli, Hardy (Abdoli et al, 2017) and Fedor, Schumacher (Fedor et al, 2017). As the community has low literacy on T1D, stigma attached to disease characteristics and conception may affect patients psychologically impact their beliefs about diabetes.…”

A Delphi Study on the Healthcare Needs of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes during the Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood: Consensus among Patients, Primary Caregivers, and Healthcare Providers

“…This study showed that promoting “education on type 1 diabetes to reduce stigmatization of patients with type 1 diabetes due to public misunderstanding” was a very important healthcare need. Interpersonal difficulties caused by the illness can worsen the outcome of disease control and increase the psychological impact on the patients, which subsequently affects their perception of their own disease [ 11 , 31 ]. Therefore, establishing accurate information on type 1 diabetes among the general public, as well as fostering patients’ ability to clarify misconceptions so that they can gain more interpersonal support, should effectively reduce the psychological stress of patients and increase the effectiveness of disease control [ 32 ].…”

“…Compared with the childhood period, transition-period patients encounter an increased amount of learning and social interactions, leading to a faster pace of life. Disease care is often sacrificed to maintain balance due to competitive needs, but this also increases the risk of acute and chronic complications [ 11 , 31 ]. Therefore, it is a very important healthcare need and a goal to “discuss how to integrate disease care into daily life.”…”

Growing up with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Data from the Verona Diabetes Transition Project

“…Likewise, the T1D Exchange Registry reported higher levels of HbA 1c in 18-25 years old people than younger or older patients. 6 In emerging young adults with type 1 diabetes, a constellation of factors likely influences the glucose control such as reduced insulin sensitivity and increased glucose variability associated with late puberty, 14 diabetes management behaviour changes, 15 leaving of parents' home and enrolling in college or starting to work, 16 and individual's self-confidence in ability to manage diabetes. 17 Furthermore, previous studies reported worse glucose control in women with type 1 diabetes than men attributable to different insulin sensitivities, insulin responses related to gender 18,19 T A B L E 1 Clinical features of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes enrolled in the "Verona Diabetes Transition Project" at first adult clinic attendance factors.…”