Perceptions of Efficacy, Expressed Emotion, and the Course of Schizophrenia

Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; López, Steven R.; Aguilera, Adrián; Kopelowicz, Alex

doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182a5bf1d

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…For these reasons, we only included data from studies that used the CFI. It is important to note that one study that used the CFI (Breitborde, López, Aguilera, & Kopelowicz, ) was excluded from the analysis because only the emotionally overinvolved component of EE was measured. Therefore, participants were not grouped into high versus low EE (like the other studies used in this paper), but rather as high versus low EOI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrity of Literature on Expressed Emotion and Relapse in Patients with Schizophrenia Verified by a p‐Curve Analysis

et al. 2016

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There is growing concern that much published research may have questionable validity due to phenomena such as publication bias and p-hacking. Within the psychiatric literature, the construct of expressed emotion (EE) is widely assumed to be a reliable predictor of relapse across a range of mental illnesses. EE is an index of the family climate, measuring how critical, hostile, and overinvolved a family member is toward a mentally ill patient. No study to date has examined the evidential value of this body of research as a whole. That is to say, although many studies have shown a link between EE and symptom relapse, the integrity of the literature from which this claim is derived has not been tested. In an effort to confirm the integrity of the literature of EE predicting psychiatric relapse in patients with schizophrenia, we conducted a p-curve analysis on all known studies examining EE (using the Camberwell Family Interview) to predict psychiatric relapse over a 9- to 12-month follow-up period. Results suggest that the body of literature on EE is unbiased and has integrity, as there was a significant right skew of p-values, a nonsignificant left skew of p-values, and a nonsignificant test of flatness. We conclude that EE is a robust and valuable predictor of symptom relapse in schizophrenia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrity of Literature on Expressed Emotion and Relapse in Patients with Schizophrenia Verified by a p‐Curve Analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Although most studies examine either EE or caregiver burden, there are only a handful of studies that integrate the two family roles in a single study. For example, Breitborde, López, Aguilera, and Kopelowicz () brought the caregiver burden focus to a study of expressed emotion. Specifically, in a longitudinal design, they found that for Mexican American families, emotional overinvolvement was related to more family burden and, in turn, worse health outcomes for caregivers over a one‐year period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiver criticism, help‐giving, and the burden of schizophrenia among Mexican American families

Villalobos

Ullman

Krick

et al. 2017

British J Clinic Psychol

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Objectives The present study tested an attribution model of help-giving in family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia as it relates to caregivers’ reported burden. We hypothesized (a) that caregivers’ attributions of their ill relatives’ responsibility for their symptoms would be associated with more negative and less positive affective reactions, (b) that affective reactions would be related to perceptions of administered support, and (c) that support would in turn predict greater burden. Methods We examined 60 family caregivers of Mexican origin living in Southern California. Mexican Americans were chosen because of their high degree of contact with their ill relative thereby facilitating the examination of help-giving and burden. Contrary to past studies, caregivers’ attributions and affective stance were assessed independently, the former based on self-report and the latter based on codes drawn from the Camberwell Family Interview. Caregiver burden was assessed at baseline and one year later. Results Path analyses showed partial support for the attribution model of help-giving. Specifically, attributions of responsibility negatively predicted caregiver’s warmth, which in turn predicted more administered support. Contrary to hypotheses, attributions were not associated with caregiver criticism, and criticism was positively related to administered support. In addition, caregiver support was not related to burden at either baseline or a year later. Criticism was a significant predictor of burden at follow-up through burden at baseline. Conclusion The emotional stance of caregivers predicts burden independent of the help they provide. Caregiver criticism not only predicts negative patient outcomes but can predict negative caregiver outcomes as well.

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“…The impact of EOI may be due to its impairment on patients’ agency. Caregivers high in EOI tend to perceive the patient as less capable of participating and completing tasks associated with the recovery process ( 64 ). This may lead the patients to lose confidence in getting back to society and reduce participation in activities that help improve their QoL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregivers’ burden and schizophrenia patients’ quality of life: Sequential mediating effects of expressed emotion and perceived expressed emotion

Wei

Peng

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundIncreasing attention has been paid to the role of caregivers’ burden in affecting quality of life (QoL) of schizophrenic patients. However, less is known about potential mediation mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study aimed to explore the sequential mediating effect of expressed emotion and perceived expressed emotion on the relationship between care burden and QoL among people with schizophrenia.Methods135 Chinese families (one patient and one caregiver) participated in this study. Caregivers reported their care burden and expressed emotion, patients reported their perceived expressed emotion and QoL.ResultsThe results of the correlation analysis showed that care burden was negatively related to patients’ QoL, including physical, psychological, and social relationships domains, with patients’ sex, age, educational level, employment status, and medication-taking as covariates. The sequential mediating effects of criticism and perceived criticism between care burden and QoL were not significant. However, the sequential mediating effects of emotional over-involvement and perceived emotional over-involvement (EOI) between care burden and QoL (including physical and psychological domain) were significant.ConclusionThe results indicated that reducing the burden and expressed emotion of caregivers could be helpful to improve schizophrenia patients’ QoL.

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Perceptions of Efficacy, Expressed Emotion, and the Course of Schizophrenia

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Integrity of Literature on Expressed Emotion and Relapse in Patients with Schizophrenia Verified by a p‐Curve Analysis

Integrity of Literature on Expressed Emotion and Relapse in Patients with Schizophrenia Verified by a p‐Curve Analysis

Caregiver criticism, help‐giving, and the burden of schizophrenia among Mexican American families

Caregivers’ burden and schizophrenia patients’ quality of life: Sequential mediating effects of expressed emotion and perceived expressed emotion

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