Perceptions of drudgery in agricultural and animal husbandry operations: a gender analysis from Haryana State, India

Thakur, S. C. P.; Varma, S. K.; Goldey, P.

doi:10.1002/jid.814

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This shift in the location may have important labor and gender implications for technology development and extension. It may suggest, for example, as illustrated in recent reviews (Doss, 2001;Thakur et al, 2001), that technology is not gender neutral and may be a key factor explaining women's inability to benefit from improved technologies. Begum (1985) has shown that in Asian rice farming systems, the total of labor time required to process rice (an arena dominated by Asian women) is almost equal to that required to produce the rice from seed to the point of harvest (1985:224).…”

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confidence: 94%

“…Yet overarching socially inscribed norms define women's responsibilities as subordinate to what men do (Thakur, Varma and Goldey, 2001;Doss, 2001;Kabeer and Van Anh, 2001;Thomas Slayter and Sodikoff, 2001). When gendered relations of production are ignored in technology development and innovation, women often face serious dis-articulations in agricultural workloads and access to resources, which support their caregiving responsibilities (Beneria, and Feldman, 1992;Saito, 1994).…”

Section: Gender and Agricultural Technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The gender division of labor in rice post-harvest processing in Sierra Leone: Implications for extension and technology development

Kroma¹

2002

The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension

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Gender is an important organizing principle in the production and post-harvest processing of rice in Sierra Leone. Gender relations shape access to technologies and information services that can benefit women in their productive activities. Because public sector extension has historically maintained a narrow focus on mainly production activities, the patterns of participation in rice processing and the gender barriers to information and technology access have largely remained invisible. This paper draws on an inland valley swamp rice production study in northern Sierra Leone to explore patterns of participation in relation to location and extension contact among the social actors in post harvest processing. It examines the nature of existing post-harvest technologies, and the labor and health implications for women. In concluding, it reflects on the implications of a gender and technology development focus for extension policy, and argues for participatory extension practice that incorporates women's interests, local skills, and knowledge as critical resources in post-harvest technology innovation.

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Section: Downloaded By [Temple University Libraries] At 03:55 19 Novementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Gender and Agricultural Technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

The gender division of labor in rice post-harvest processing in Sierra Leone: Implications for extension and technology development

Kroma¹

2002

The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension

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“…Traditionally, decision making and managerial roles have been either denied or constrained for women in the animal husbandry sector in India due to the paternalistic bias of Indian society [32]. Gender inequalities favoring males exist in access to information, as well as ownership of land and livestock in Indian society [33]. The women are mostly confined to household work, including tending to livestock at home whereas the men work outside the homes to earn a stable income.…”

Section: Human and Cattle Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Management of Cow Shelters (Gaushalas) in India, Including the Attitudes of Shelter Managers to Cow Welfare

Sharma

Schuetze

Phillips

2020

Animals

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Gaushala management is a specialized profession requiring particular skills relating to the management of cow shelters or gaushalas, which are traditional and ancient Indian institutions that shelter old, unproductive and abandoned cows, The 1800 registered cow shelters in India have managers who are important stakeholders in the management of cows in these unique institutions. It is important to survey the routine management of these shelters and attitudes of the managers towards cow welfare to identify the constraints and welfare issues. We visited 54 shelters in six states of India for a face-to-face structured interview of the managers. Quantitative data collection included questions on demographics, routine management operations, protocols followed in the shelters and attitudes of the managers towards cow welfare. All shelters except one were managed by males, half of them were in the age range of 45–65 years, were university graduates or post-graduates, with 5–15 years shelter management experience, and with the majority having lived in rural areas for most of their lives. Each shelter housed a median of 232 cattle were housed, out of which 13 were lactating cows. The majority of managers vaccinated their animals against endemic diseases like foot and mouth disease, haemorrhagic septicaemia and black quarter (gangraena emphysematosa) and administered endo-and ectoparasiticidal treatments, however, hardly any screened the cattle for brucellosis and tuberculosis. Only 17% of the shelters had in house veterinarians and most cows died of old age, with an annual mortality rate of 14%. The majority of the shelters allowed the cows to reproduce. Access to pasture was available in only 41% of the shelters, while most allowed some access to yards. Most (57%) had limited biosecurity measures, but 82% of the shelters disposed of the carcasses by deep burial on their own premises or through the municipality, with 18% disposing of them in open spaces or nearby creeks. About one half of the shelters maintained records of the protocols followed routinely. Charitable societies ran half of the shelters, mostly through public donations, with accounts audited regularly. Most managers thought that shelter cows’ welfare was important and that they should attempt to improve it. They were less in agreement that their knowledge of animal welfare was adequate. Local support, more moral than financial, was recognized more than government support. Managers perceived cow welfare as important from a religious perspective, citing the mother god and caring for abandoned animals as frequent themes in their definition of cow welfare. Caring for animals, mother and goddess were key elements in managers’ perception of animal welfare. The recommendations arising from this survey include that the shelter managers should be involved in the decision-making process for the welfare of cows in shelters, which is vital for the sustainability of these unique institutions. Welfare could be improved by strict compliance with biosecurity measures and disease surveillance protocols, avoidance of unrestricted reproduction in cows and separation of males and females.

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Redesigning an Appropriate Technology Shredder for Manufacture in a Developing Country

Weiss¹,

George²,

Walker³

2006

IJSLE

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The principles of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) were applied to the redesign of a manual shredding machine used to harvest breadfruit in the Republic of Haiti. The DFMA methodology examined each function of the shredder assembly to determine if a part could be eliminated or combined with another part and if there were simpler ways to meet the performance criteria without sacrificing quality. A breadfruit shredder designed by a previous senior design group that met the customer and engineering specifications was subjected to the DFMA process resulting in a machine that was easier to build in a developing country, used materials that were more commonly available, had a reduced number of parts, was more robust, was easier to clean and keep sanitary, and cost less to make.

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Perceptions of drudgery in agricultural and animal husbandry operations: a gender analysis from Haryana State, India

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

The gender division of labor in rice post-harvest processing in Sierra Leone: Implications for extension and technology development

The gender division of labor in rice post-harvest processing in Sierra Leone: Implications for extension and technology development

The Management of Cow Shelters (Gaushalas) in India, Including the Attitudes of Shelter Managers to Cow Welfare

Redesigning an Appropriate Technology Shredder for Manufacture in a Developing Country

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