Perceptions of Boredom in Leisure: Conceptualization, Reliability and Validity of the Leisure Boredom Scale

Leisure boredom and adolescent risk behaviour: a systematic literature review

“…A description of the study samples, measurements and variables is given in Appendix 1. The majority of the studies were conducted in the developed world, with 16 studies from the USA (Barnett 2005, Barnett and Klitzing 2006, Caldwell et al 1999, Caldwell and Kivel 1998, Caldwell and Smith 1995, Iso-Ahola and Crowley 1991, Iso-Ahola and Weissinger 1990, Larson and Richards 1991, Newberry and Duncan 2001, Sharp et al 2006, Weissinger, Caldwell and Bandolas 1992, Widmer, Ellis and Munson 2003, Widmer, Ellis and Trunnell 1996, Yang and Yoh 2005. Two studies were from Canada Weissinger 1992, Shaw, Caldwell andKleiber 1996) and three studies were from Australia (Farnworth 1998, Gordon and Caltabiano 1996, Patterson, Pegg and Dobson-Patterson 2000.…”

An examination of adolescents’ attitudes towards leisure activities

“…Moreover, positive relationships were reported by Dzewaltowski (1989) between intention to exercise and the exercise behavior, attitude and self-efficacy when exercise behavior is concerned. Therefore it can be said that a relationship between attitude and participation in physical activity was found in previous studies in the field (Crandall & Slivken, 1980;Watson, 1996;Chih Mou Hsieh, 1998;Iso-Ahola and Weissinger (1990);Hagger et al (2001); Dzewaltowski et al (1990)) Although the findings about relationships by Ragheb (1980), Feltz (1988), and McAuley (1992, 1993 and this study are in parallelism, in spite of the positive correlation between attitude and physical activity participation, it was stated by Crandall and Slivken (1980) that there is a weak interrelation between attitude and behavior as there also may be constraints or competition that deter and discourage the individual from realizing the attitude. On the other hand, it was claimed by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) that attitudes do not precisely foretell a certain action for they have a general nature.…”

“…It is seen in the related literature that researchers conduct various studies in order to comprehend what sort of positive or negative factors affect individuals' attitude towards leisure and detect how and where from these factors emerge (Cunningham and Kwon, 2003;Trail et al, 2002;Henderson and Ainsworth, 2001;Chung and Philips, 2002;Edgington, 2007;Sandahl, 1992;Ragheb, 1980;Iso-Ahola and Weissinger, 1990;Ragheb and Tate, 1993;Stelzer et al, 2004;Warn, 1999;Watson, 1996;Deng et al, 2005;Sindik et al, 2009). …”

“…Leisure activities are efficient means of socialization and learning in adolescence with the unique skills they may help individuals obtain and develop. It has been the concern of many researchers to know more about how individuals become involved in leisure activities and through which processes they take on a positive or negative attitude towards leisure (Iso-Ahola and Weissinger, 1990;Ragheb and Tate, 1993;Stelzer et al, 2004;Warn, 1999;Watson, 1996;Deng et al, 2005;Sindik et al, 2009).…”

Risky Gadgets to the Rescue - Reframing In-Car Technology Use as Task Engagement

“…They can also experience restlessness, as they search for an activity but can not settle on anything (Martin et al 2006) . Iso Ahola and Weissinger (1990) suggest that one coping strategy may be to ensure a balance between having the right amount of time for leisure activities, so that the activities are optimally arousing. Further, that this optimum arousal is what makes the leisure activities psychologically rewarding.…”