Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Etiology among Parents of Children with ASD

Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Parental perceptions of the etiology of their child’s ASD can affect provider–client relationships, bonding between parents and their children, and the prognosis, treatment, and management of children with ASD. Thus, this study sought to examine the perceptions of ASD etiology of parents of children with ASD. Methods: Forty-two parents of children diagnosed with ASD were recruited across Texas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually. All interviews were recorded and later transcribed verbatim for content analysis utilizing NVivo 12.0 (QSR International, Doncaster, Australia). Results: The content analysis identified the following themes regarding parental perceptions of ASD etiology: Genetic factors (40.5%), environmental factors (31.0%), problems that occurred during pregnancy or delivery (23.8%), vaccinations (16.7%), other health problems (7.1%), parental age at the time of pregnancy (4.8%), and spiritual or religious factors (2.4%). Conclusions: The parental perceptions of ASD etiology were diverse, but several views, such as vaccinations and spiritual or religious factors, were not based on scientific evidence. Health professionals and researchers can use these findings to develop and provide targeted education to parents who have children with ASD. Our findings also support policymakers in developing campaigns designed to increase parental ASD awareness and knowledge.

Awareness and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Western China: Promoting early identification and intervention

“…The three groups were optimistic about the effects of interventions, but the public needs to recognize that the effects of interventions on some autistic children are not always good. Some studies have shown that understanding the etiology and prognosis of autism may be more helpful for parents to support their autistic children ( 36 ), which suggests that we should teach parents more current scientific knowledge about autism as this can guide them to choose proper treatment methods and build their confidence in rehabilitation.…”