Perceptions and experiences of stigma among parents of children with developmental disorders in Ethiopia: A qualitative study

Tekola, Bethlehem; Kinfe, Mersha; Girma, Fikirte; Hanlon, Charlotte; Hoekstra, Rosa A.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113034

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In other words, more than 83% of the reported immediate causes of impairments could have been prevented from causing functional limitations if they were identi ed and treated early (Table 6 and Figure 4). This argument is congruent to studies in other African and Latin American settings where families and persons with impairments are more likely to avoid early treatment (44), seek the services of traditional healers than modern medicine (40) or suffer from the inadequacy of primary health care services for screening and treatment (30). predictors of disability in the study population (Table 7).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Using the de nition of disability adopted in this study, the WHO and the World Bank (WB) estimated that about 80% of the global 1 billion persons with disabilities (PwDs) currently live in low and middle-income countries (1). In most of these countries, especially on the African continent, community attitude towards disability and persons with disabilities are less than penchant and socioeconomic support and rehabilitation services are poor or non-existent (40,41). These challenges persisted, and the numbers of PwDs are increasing -both globally and in developing countries -due to population growth, man-made and natural disasters, war, accidents and aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Severe disability and its prevalence and causes in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State. A community based cross-sectional study

Abebe

Abera

Nega

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Disability is the social outcome of unfavorable interactions between individuals’ impairments, on the one hand, and inaccessible physical spaces, disenabling cultural environment and negative attitudes towards disability and persons with disabilities, on the other. Despite the fact that it directly affects 15% of Ethiopians as well as families and communities, policy-relevant studies on disability and the conditions of persons with disabilities are lacking. The Dabat Demographic Health Surveillance System (DHSS) was established to collect vital statistics in Dabat district, Amhara region. But it did not collect data on disability types, causes and community responses. With this drawback in DHSS, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence, types and major causes of severe disability in Dabat district. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed and covered 17,000 households residing in 13 Kebeles of Dabat district. The study was conducted in 2018 utilizing the modified 12-item World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and 7-item WHO Minimal Generic Set of Domains of Functioning and Health to collect data on disability in the district. The data were organized and presented as frequencies and percentages in table and figures. Relevant variables were used to construct a logit model that predicts the likelihood of disability whereby P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study found that the overall prevalence of disability in Dabat district was 2.14% [95% CI: 2.03, 2.24]. About 8.3% of households reported at least one member with disability. Visual impairment was the most commonly reported impairment (51%) while 8.19% had multiple impairments. Eighty-three percent of immediate the causes of disability were modifiable – specifically, illness (36.93%), injury (17.81%), and congenital (10.86%). The aged [AOR=1.0; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04], those unable to read or write illiterate [AOR=1.57; 1.15, 2.14], the unmarried/single [AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 185,2.47] and the separated [AOR=2.78; 95% CI: 4.14,6.19] were more likely to risk disability in the population.Conclusion: This study reported an increased likelihood of impairment among those with advanced ages. The proportion of households with PwDs was also high. While most disabilities were visual, there were significant numbers with mobility impairments and hard of hearing. Most school-age PwDs did not complete secondary education, while employment was significantly limited. The findings indicated that most causes of disability were reversible if impairments were screened or identified early and preventive or medical treatments were sought. Without undermining the role of specialized medical treatments, this study underlines the significance of early screening and preventive community interventions through CBR programs and rehabilitation workers in lowering disability rates in the district.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe disability and its prevalence and causes in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State. A community based cross-sectional study

Abebe

Abera

Nega

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In other words, more than 83% of the reported immediate causes of impairments could have been prevented from causing functional limitations if they were identi ed and treated early ( Table 6 and Figure 4). This argument is congruent to studies in other African and Latin American settings where families and persons with impairments are more likely to avoid early treatment (44), seek the services of traditional healers than modern medicine (40) or suffer from the inadequacy of primary health care services for screening and treatment (30).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Disability is especially a concern for developing countries where prevention approach and health service services are inadequate or very scarce (40,47). Moreover, stigma and stereotypes limit educational and employment opportunities for PwDs thereby creating dependency and exclusion for PwDs and this study underlines these facts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the earlier de nition of disability, the WHO and the World Bank (WB) estimated that about 80% of the global 1 billion persons with disabilities (PwDs) currently live in low and middle-income countries (1). In most of these countries, especially on the African continent, community attitude towards disability and persons with disabilities are less than penchant and socioeconomic support and rehabilitation services are poor or non-existent (40,41). These challenges persisted, and the numbers of PwDs are increasing -both globally and in developing countries -due to population growth, man-made and natural disasters, war, accidents and aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Disability and its prevalence and cause in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State: A community based cross-sectional study

Abebe

Abera

Nega

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Disability is the social outcome of unfavorable interactions between individuals’ impairments, on the one hand, and inaccessible physical spaces, disenabling cultural environment and negative attitudes towards disability and persons with disabilities, on the other. Despite the fact that it directly affects 15% of Ethiopians, understanding and policy-relevant studies on disability and the conditions of persons with disabilities are lacking. The Dabat Demographic Health Surveillance System is part of the response to fill this gap. With significant drawbacks in the Surveillance System, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence, types and major causes of disability in Dabat district. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed and covered 17,000 households residing in 13 Kebeles of Dabat district. The study was conducted in 2018 utilizing the modified 12-item World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and 7-item WHO Minimal Generic Set of Domains of Functioning and Health to collect pertinent data on disability in the district. The data was organized and presented using frequencies and percentages in table and figures. Relevant variables were used to construct a logit model that predicts the likelihood of disability whereby P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study found that the overall prevalence of disability in Dabat district was 2.14% [95% CI: 2.03, 2.24]. About 8.3% of households reported at least one member with disability. Visual impairment was the most commonly reported impairment (51%) while 8.19% had multiple impairments. Eighty-three percent of immediate the causes of disability were modifiable – specifically, illness (36.93%), injury (17.81%), and congenital (10.86%). The aged [AOR=1.0; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04], those unable to read or write illiterate [AOR=1.57; 1.15, 2.14], the unmarried/single [AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 185,2.47] and the separated [AOR=2.78; 95% CI: 4.14,6.19] were more likely to risk disability in the population.Conclusion: This study reported an increased likelihood of impairment among those with advanced ages. The proportion of households with PwDs was also high. While most disabilities were visual, there were significant numbers with mobility impairments and hard of hearing. Most school-age PwDs did not complete secondary education, while employment was significantly limited. The findings indicated that most causes of disability were reversible if impairments were screened or identified early and preventive or medical treatments were sought. Without undermining the role of specialized medical treatments, this study underlines the significance of early screening and preventive community interventions through CBR programs and rehabilitation workers in lowering disability rates in the district.

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Adapting Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up for infants and young children with intellectual disabilities and developmental delays in South Africa: Reflections and recommendations from local stakeholders

Mohamed

Sterkenburg

Rensburg

et al. 2022

Infant Mental Health Journal

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Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) is an intervention targeted at enhancing the socioemotional and regulatory functioning of at-risk infants.However, to use the ABC for infants/toddlers with intellectual disabilities/developmental delays (ID/DD) and in novel cultural contexts, such as South Africa, adaptations may be required. This study aimed, therefore, to explore the opinions of clinical experts and perceptions of caregivers regarding the use of ABC for children with ID/DD in South Africa. It also sought to incorporate the experiences of families of children with ID/DD who received, and intervenors who delivered, ABC in its first implementation in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. Thematic analysis explicated 12 main themes: Intervention Strengths, Points of Concern, and Recommendations (Experts); Focus on Caregiver-child Relationship, and Intervention Targets and Duration (Caregivers); Benefits of ABC, and Cultural Considerations (ABC Recipients); Focused and Targeted, Value of Feedback, Supportive Supervision, Working Alliance, and Challenges Experienced (ABC Intervenors). Practice and training recommendations include psychoeducation for parents and training for intervenors that is ID/DD-specific, expanding supervision capacity, building intervenors' cultural/linguistic sensitivity and competence, accessing referral networks, including local Community Health Workers as intervenors, and greater flexibility in how the sessions are organized.

show abstract

Perceptions and experiences of stigma among parents of children with developmental disorders in Ethiopia: A qualitative study

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

Severe disability and its prevalence and causes in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State. A community based cross-sectional study

Severe disability and its prevalence and causes in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State. A community based cross-sectional study

Disability and its prevalence and cause in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State: A community based cross-sectional study

Adapting Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up for infants and young children with intellectual disabilities and developmental delays in South Africa: Reflections and recommendations from local stakeholders

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