Perception of strength from 3D faces is linked to facial cues of physique

Holzleitner, Iris J; Perrett, David I.

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.11.004

Cited by 58 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Each head model could then be described with a relatively small number of principal components (PCs). Next two groups were defined, one of 10 individuals low in BMI and one of 10 individuals high in BMI [57]. Owing to the sexual dimorphism in body composition and build, BMI scores were separately calculated for men and women.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of health from facial cues

Henderson

Holzleitner

Talamas

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Impressions of health are integral to social interactions, yet poorly understood. A review of the literature reveals multiple facial characteristics that potentially act as cues to health judgements. The cues vary in their stability across time: structural shape cues including symmetry and sexual dimorphism alter slowly across the lifespan and have been found to have weak links to actual health, but show inconsistent effects on perceived health. Facial adiposity changes over a medium time course and is associated with both perceived and actual health. Skin colour alters over a short time and has strong effects on perceived health, yet links to health outcomes have barely been evaluated. Reviewing suggested an additional influence of demeanour as a perceptual cue to health. We, therefore, investigated the association of health judgements with multiple facial cues measured objectively from two-dimensional and three-dimensional facial images. We found evidence for independent contributions of face shape and skin colour cues to perceived health. Our empirical findings: (i) reinforce the role of skin yellowness; (ii) demonstrate the utility of global face shape measures of adiposity; and (iii) emphasize the role of affect in facial images with nominally neutral expression in impressions of health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 'BMI axis' in face space was then defined by the low and high BMI average face shapes. Each face in the sample was projected onto this axis, and the projection value defined the facial BMI score [57]. Average values for each PC were separately calculated for men and women with low and high BMI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of health from facial cues

Henderson

Holzleitner

Talamas

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Base faces were manipulated in their masculinity by applying or subtracting the linear difference between the average male and female face shape from a set of faces used in a previous study (Holzleitner and Perrett 2016). With this difference corresponding to 100%, each base face was feminized and masculinized to cover a range of −100% to +200% sexually dimorphic shape in seven steps of 50%, resulting in 28 stimulus faces.…”

Section: Stimulus Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 One of the four base faces at the seven different levels of masculinity. Masculinity transforms were based on the difference in face shape between an average male (composite of 50 men) and an average female face (composite of 68 women, Holzleitner et al 2016) as missing. Participants rated their own attractiveness to the sex they were attracted to on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1-Below average/Not so attractive to 7-Above average/Very attractive.…”

Section: Individual Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Preferences for Men’s Facial Masculinity: Trade-Off Accounts Revisited

Holzleitner

Perrett

2017

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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Studies on mate preferences have demonstrated that women's perception of male attractiveness is sensitive to men's facial masculinity, and that women's preferences for facial masculinity are subject to individual differences, such as own condition. These individual differences have been linked to potential tradeoffs that women face given the hypothesized benefits and costs that masculinity may cue in a potential partner. Whereas most studies based conclusions regarding such trade-offs on shifts in mean preferences for a feminized vs. masculinized face shape, here we directly investigated attractiveness as a function of different levels of masculinity. Using computer-graphic methods, we manipulated the facial masculinity of men's 3D faces to vary between extremely feminine and hypermasculine, and assessed women's preferences for these different masculinity levels in the light of individual differences in self-rated attractiveness, financial worries, pathogen disgust sensitivity, self-reported health and relationship status. Our findings show that some individual differences shift preferences towards a generally lower or higher masculinity level, whereas others affect the tolerance to low vs. high levels of masculinity. We suggest that the use of preference curves allows for a more comprehensive investigation of how and why women's preferences for masculinity may shift under different contexts.

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“…Further, facial masculinity is associated with measures of men's upper body strength (Fink, Neave, & Seydel, 2007;Holzleitner & Perrett, 2015;Sell et al, 2009;Windhager, Schaefer, & Fink, 2011) and behavioural dominance Pound, Penton-Voak, & Surridge, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses Regarding Individual Differences in Human Mating Strategies

Sherlock¹

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Finding and attracting a mate is an enormous component of human life, and indeed the life of all sexually reproducing organisms. In this search, we share many common goals in attaining a partner. For instance, most people typically seek a partner who is kind, attractive, and funny. Yet, we also differ remarkably in the traits that we desire in our partners and what drives us towards choosing some mates over others. This variation represents somewhat of a Darwinian paradox, as selection typically reduces variation in traits under strong selection, such as those relating to mating strategy. To resolve this paradox, evolutionary psychologists have proposed adaptive mechanisms that cause variation in mating strategy in response to environmental contingencies. In this thesis, I present tests of a number of these hypotheses, and integrate approaches from evolutionary behavioural genetics to provide alternative explanations as to how variation in mating strategy arises.Firstly, I review broad evolutionary approaches to explaining variation in psychological traits. Specifically, I introduce evolutionary literature regarding a proposed trade-off between parenting traits and signals of genetic quality in males that permeates approaches to various aspects of mate choice. Evidence for and against this trade-off is reviewed in the context of the maintenance of variation in facial masculinity in males and inter-partner variation in female orgasm frequency during penetrative sex. I then introduce behavioural genetics as an approach to understanding both genetic and environmental causes of variation in human mating strategy.In my first empirical study, I present a paper testing evolutionary hypotheses regarding female variation in orgasm frequency in response to male characteristics. Where previous research has focused on women reporting on a single partner and observing male characteristics across the sample, this paper had females report on partners with whom orgasm was easy and with whom orgasm was difficult. This controls for the possibility of confounds relating to between-subject studies and increases our power to detect male traits associated with orgasm over and above between women differences. Furthermore, the study also included measures of male sexual behaviour, as these are highly likely to be related to female orgasmability. We showed mixed support for evolutionary theories regarding variation in the female orgasm, but were unable to distinguish the two leading hypotheses. Additionally, we found important contributions of male sexual behaviour to female orgasm. Consequently, little can be inferred about the role of variation in the evolution of the female orgasm. However, we demonstrate that within-subjects designs are able to detect between-partner variance with high resolution. We also demonstrate that future studies need account for male sexual behaviour when attempting to explain adaptive variation in female orgasm between different male partners.ii I then present a paper providing evidence that facial ...

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Perception of strength from 3D faces is linked to facial cues of physique

Cited by 58 publications

References 52 publications

Perception of health from facial cues

Perception of health from facial cues

Women’s Preferences for Men’s Facial Masculinity: Trade-Off Accounts Revisited

Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses Regarding Individual Differences in Human Mating Strategies

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