Perception of inert particles by calanoid copepods: behavioral observations and a numerical model

Bundy, M. H.; Gross, Thomas F.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Strickler, J. Rudi

doi:10.1093/plankt/20.11.2129

Cited by 55 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Timing of adults and copepodites gave some indications of broad aspects of reproductive patterns. The most similar species Leptodiaptomus spp., in terms of taxonomic closeness and feeding mode (e.g., Bundy et al, 1998), are of different size and have different habitat (depth) preferences (Table 1) as well as size preferences for prey (Vanderploeg, 1994;Vanderploeg et al, 1988) and reproductive patterns (Torke, 1975). Although all diaptomids reproduce during the winter-spring transition, L. minutus and L. ashlandi have two generations per year.…”

Section: Complex Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a critical ecosystem transition

Vanderploeg

Pothoven

Fahnenstiel

et al. 2012

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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100

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Fahnenstiel, Gary L.; Cavaletto, Joann F.; Liebig, James R.; Stow, Craig A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.; Madenjian, Charles P.; and Bunnell, David B., "Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a critical ecosystem transition" (2012 We examined seasonal dynamics of zooplankton at an offshore station in Lake Michigan from 1994 to 2003 and 2007 to 2008. This period saw variable weather, declines in planktivorous fish abundance, the introduction and expansion of dreissenid mussels, and a slow decline in total phosphorus concentrations. After the major expansion of mussels into deep water (2007)(2008), chlorophyll in spring declined sharply, Secchi depth increased markedly in all seasons, and planktivorous fish biomass declined to record-low levels. Overlaying these dramatic ecosystem-level changes, the zooplankton community exhibited complex seasonal dynamics between 1994-2003 and 2007-2008. Phenology of the zooplankton maximum was affected by onset of thermal stratification, but there was no other discernable effect due to temperature. Interannual variability in zooplankton biomass during 1994 and 2003 was strongly driven by planktivorous fish abundance, particularly age-0 and age-1 alewives. In 2007-2008, there were large decreases in Diacyclops thomasi and Daphnia mendotae possibly caused by food limitation as well as increased predation and indirect negative effects from increases in Bythotrephes longimanus abundance and in foraging efficiency associated with increased light penetration. The Bythotrephes increase was likely driven in part by decreased predation from yearling and older alewife. While there was a major decrease in epilimnetic-metalimnetic herbivorous cladocerans in 2007-2008, there was an increase in large omnivorous and predacious calanoid copepods, especially those in the hypolimnion. Thus, changes to the zooplankton community are the result of cascading, synergistic interactions, including a shift from vertebrate to invertebrate planktivory and mussel ecosystem impacts on light climate and chlorophyll.

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Section: Complex Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a critical ecosystem transition

Vanderploeg

Pothoven

Fahnenstiel

et al. 2012

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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100

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“…Kerfoot 1978, Fields & Yen 1997; and (4) the predator may also switch its swimming behavior (e.g. Bundy et al 1998). Thus, the hydrodynamic signal field should consist of certain spatio-temporal patterns perceived by the predatory copepod.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic signal perception by the copepod Oithona plumifera

Jiang

Paffenhöfer

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Spatio-temporal hydrodynamic signal fields were quantified for ambush-feeding Oithona plumifera females sensing motile Strobilidium ciliates. First, videotaped Oithona-ciliate encounters were image-analyzed to retrieve ciliate trajectories, O. plumifera attack kinematics and reaction distances to the ciliates. Second, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), flow disturbances created by swimming ciliates were examined for 5 common ciliary forcing schemes. Third, using the CFD results and measured ciliate trajectories as inputs, a hydrodynamic model was developed to calculate ciliate-generated hydrodynamic signal patterns for observed encounters. Wide variance was found in measured reaction distances. Good correlations existed between measured predator attack kinematics and measured pre-attack prey locations. Moreover, data analysis showed that O. plumifera preferred small attack angles, presumably to enhance capture success. From hydrodynamic modeling, several distinct spatio-temporal hydrodynamic signal patterns were identified, and estimated hydrodynamic signal strengths immediately prior to attack were all above a minimum required signal level but differed substantially in magnitude. These results support the notion that by monitoring and recognizing the spatio-temporal pattern of ciliate-created flow disturbances, O. plumifera can perceive and project the ciliate's instantaneous location and velocity, and hence precisely time its attack when the ciliate reaches a location where it can most easily be captured. Instead of reacting to a constant signal strength, O. plumifera females adapt their capture behaviors to perceived signal patterns. CFD simulations also revealed species-specific flow patterns and spatial decays in hydrodynamic disturbances created by swimming protists. The predator may use this species-specific information to distinguish among prey species.KEY WORDS: Oithona plumifera · Ciliate · Predator-prey interaction · Hydrodynamic signal perception · Spatio-temporal pattern · Hydrodynamic modeling · Capture difficulty Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 373: [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] 2008 (1) the distance between the predator and the prey may vary with time; (2) the prey may swim at changing speed and/or direction (e.g. swimming along a curved spiral trajectory; Svensen & Kiørboe 2000, Broglio et al. 2001; (3) the prey may switch its swimming behavior (e.g. Kerfoot 1978, Fields & Yen 1997; and (4) the predator may also switch its swimming behavior (e.g. Bundy et al. 1998). Thus, the hydrodynamic signal field should consist of certain spatio-temporal patterns perceived by the predatory copepod. We hypothesize that by monitoring the spatially and temporally varied hydrodynamic signal field (and recognizing the signal patterns), the predatory copepod is able to project the trajectory as well as the instantaneous swimming velocity of the prey, and then to respond accordingly (see also Zare...

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“…While chemical signals can certainly be a cue for this detection, hydromechanical signals are also likely to play a role (Buskey 1984, Vanderploeg et al 1990, DeMott & Watson 1991, Bundy et al 1998. LegierVisser et al (1986) presented a theoretical treatment of mechanoreception.…”

Section: Passive Particles In a Feeding Current (Predator-generated Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gravity, however, is a body force acting only on the organism, so that the net force exerted on the fluid is F T downwards. This suggests that, to first-order, the flow associated with the feeding current is a stokeslet of strength F T distance, r (units of a) Firstly it considered pressure gradients as the active signal while, as pointed out by Bundy et al (1998), velocity appears to be the more relevant signal. More seriously, however, Legier-Visser et al (1986) failed to take into account the motion of the particle in the feeding current, i.e.…”

Section: Passive Particles In a Feeding Current (Predator-generated Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydromechanical signals in the plankton

Visser¹

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

121

177

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The distance at which plankters can detect and thus interact with each other depends on their sensitivity, size, and motion, as well as the hydrodynamic characteristics of their behaviour. Through a simple consideration of the distribution of forces exerted on the ambient fluid by different plankton behaviours, it is possible to deduce the spatial scale over which the associated hydromechanical disturbance propagates. At low Reynolds numbers, for passive sinking or for a feeding current, the associated hydromechanical velocity, u, attenuates with distance, r, as u ∝ aUr -1 where a is the length scale of the organism and U is its velocity relative to the fluid. Similarly, for a self-propelled organism, u ∝ a 2 Ur -2 . In contrast, at high Reynolds numbers, a self-propelled organism generates a forward hydromechanical disturbance that has the form u ∝ a 3 Ur -3. Within this context, observed planktonic interactions, particularly for copepods, were analysed and showed reasonably good support for the theory. The remote detection of inert particles by feeding-current-generating and free-swimming copepods was found to be feasible for known copepod sensitivities. Directional information and signal timing for flow disturbances and vortices provided a means of locating active organisms. Finally, the effect of turbulence was considered, as it can impair a copepod's detection ability. A simple analysis of ambush-feeding copepods detecting swimming ciliates under turbulent conditions showed good agreement with previously reported observations. KEY WORDS: Zooplankton · Copepod · Motility · Detection · Hydromechanical signal · TurbulenceResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Perception of inert particles by calanoid copepods: behavioral observations and a numerical model

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a critical ecosystem transition

Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a critical ecosystem transition

Hydrodynamic signal perception by the copepod Oithona plumifera

Hydromechanical signals in the plankton

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