Perception of Face Race by Infants: Five Developmental Changes

Quinn, Paul C.; Lee, Kang; Pascalis, Olivier

doi:10.1111/cdep.12286

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Subsequently, they remain sensitive to contrasts that are relevant to meaning in their language, while sensitivity to some nonnative contrasts attenuates. Similarly, in race perception, infants begin with sensitivity to own‐ and other‐race contrasts, and then selectively distinguish own‐race contrasts (Quinn, Lee, & Pascalis, 2018). Perceptual narrowing is thought to facilitate the process of specializing in the particulars of one’s environment (Pascalis et al, 2014).…”

Section: Effects Of Bilingualism On the Timing Of Perceptual Development And Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for an Early Novelty Orientation in Bilingual Learners

Singh

2021

Child Dev Perspectives

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Bilingual environments are more complex than monolingual environments. To adapt to this complexity, bilingual infants may navigate their environment in fundamentally different ways than monolingual infants. Drawing from visual, social, and linguistic processing, in this article, I present evidence to suggest that bilingual and monolingual learners demonstrate basic differences in the distribution of attention. Across these areas, bilingual learners appear to orient to novel information over familiar information, more so than monolingual learners. Attending more broadly within one's environment may support flexibility of learning within a complex environment, where underlying structure is harder to detect. However, broad exploration may also protract the process by which underlying structure is detected and learned. This may introduce developmental costs, such as delayed specialization in the native language observed in bilingual infants. In this way, bilingual infants may explore their surroundings in a manner distinct from monolingual infants that is both responsive to and adaptive for a relatively complex environment.

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Section: Effects Of Bilingualism On the Timing Of Perceptual Development And Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for an Early Novelty Orientation in Bilingual Learners

Singh

2021

Child Dev Perspectives

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“…The other race effect (ORE) begins to manifest during the first year of life, and is characterized by less efficient processing of faces from ethnicities that one does not have sufficient exposure to, when compared to faces from their own ethnicity (for a review, see [ 1 ]). Although recent studies showed that infants look at same- and other-race faces differently (e.g., [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], and see [ 5 ] for an overview) the role of infants’ visual encoding of same- and other-race faces for face discrimination is still not fully understood. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate the extent to which infants’ looking behavior while habituating to same- and other-race faces, is connected to their ability to discriminate among these faces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect

et al. 2020

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The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one’s own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants’ looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation–dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants’ gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants’ ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces.

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“…Although we do not posit a direct relationship between phonological openness and social cue interpretation, it is possible that similar mechanisms that contribute to linguistic flexibility also shape social cue interpretation. Specifically, one mechanism that could lead infants to interpret their own race more favorably is a bias toward familiar over unfamiliar information in their environment (Quinn, Lee, & Pascalis, , ). It is possible that bilingualism attenuates the attentional biases of infants toward familiarity and that this dynamic in turn distributes attention more evenly across familiar and unfamiliar information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolingual but not bilingual infants demonstrate racial bias in social cue use

Singh

Quinn

Xiao

et al. 2019

Developmental Science

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Bilingualism exerts early and pervasive effects on cognition, observable in infancy.Thus far, investigations of infant bilingual cognition have focused on sensitivity to visual memory, executive function, and linguistic sensitivity. Much less research has focused on how bilingualism impacts processing of social cues. The present study sought to investigate whether bilingualism modulates the expression of one aspect of social processing: early racial bias. Using a gaze-following paradigm, we investigated whether 18-to 20-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants favored their own race. Results demonstrated that monolingual infants favored their own race in following a model whose direction of gaze signaled an event. In contrast, bilingual infants demonstrated race-neutral gaze-following patterns, relying more heavily on the reliability of the behavior of the model over race. Findings suggest that bilingualism may have protective effects against the early emergence of racial bias. K E Y W O R D Sbilingualism, infancy, racial bias

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Perception of Face Race by Infants: Five Developmental Changes

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Evidence for an Early Novelty Orientation in Bilingual Learners

Evidence for an Early Novelty Orientation in Bilingual Learners

Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect

Monolingual but not bilingual infants demonstrate racial bias in social cue use

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