Perception of early parenting in panic and agoraphobia

Faravelli, Carlo; Panichi, C.; Pallanti, Stefano; Paterniti, Sabrina; Grecu, Lorella Matia; Rivelli, Sarah K.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb01411.x

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This finding corroborates previous studies that evaluated the relationship between parental bonding and anxiety disorders. [17][18][19]34 A study that was held in six European countries reported a parenting pattern comprising less parental warmth and maternal overprotection associated with different anxiety disorders. 35 Lower parental care has been associated with PD in two other cultures, 18,19 but we were not able to replicate this association in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Some authors have described that PD patients reported less care and more protection by both parents as compared to control subjects. [17][18][19] Pacchierotti et al observed less care and more protection regarding the paternal figure, whereas considering the maternal figure, there were less careful and less protective patterns. 20 To our knowledge, there are no available data in the literature about the role of the quality of parental bonding, assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and childhood trauma, assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and PD in adulthood in South American countries, which are culturally different from European and North American countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gender differences in the associations between childhood trauma and parental bonding in panic disorder

Seganfredo

Torres

Salum

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the associations between childhood trauma and parental bonding in panic disorder

Seganfredo

Torres

Salum

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…Arrindell et al 1983;Arrindell et al 1989;Parker 1979). However, results for 'over-protection' are inconsistent, with some studies reporting more over-protection by both parents (Faravelli et al 1991; Wiborg and Dahl 1997) or by the mother (Parker et al 1997;Silove et al 1991) for the offspring of parents with panic disorder during comparisons with the offspring of diagnosis free parents, whereas other studies could not find an association (Arrindell et al 1983;Arrindell et al 1989;Parker 1979).Early observational studies have analysed the ongoing interaction between the parent with an anxiety disorder and their child (with or without assessment of child diagnosis). However, these studies used groups of patients with mixed anxiety disorders instead of "pure" groups of parents with panic disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of maternal panic disorder on mother–child interaction and relation to child anxiety and child self-efficacy

Schneider

Houweling

Gommlich-Schneider

et al. 2009

Arch Womens Ment Health

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To determine whether mothers with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia interacted differently with their children than normal control mothers, 86 mothers and their adolescents (aged between 13 and 23 years) were observed during a structured play situation. Maternal as well as adolescent anxiety status was assessed according to a structured diagnostic interview. Results showed that mothers with panic disorder/agoraphobia showed more verbal control, were more criticizing and less sensitive during mother-child interaction than mothers without current mental disorders. Moreover, more conflicts were observed between mother and child dyadic interactions when the mother suffered from panic disorder. The comparison of parenting behaviors among anxious and nonanxious children did not reveal any significant differences. These findings support an association between parental over-control and rejection and maternal but not child anxiety and suggest that particularly mother anxiety status is an important determinant of parenting behavior. Finally, an association was found between children's perceived self-efficacy, parental control and child anxiety symptoms.Keywords: Maternal panic disorder, Mother-child interaction, Parenting, Child anxiety, Perceived self-efficacy 2 Although there has been extensive research into developing a more refined understanding of the nature and maintenance of panic disorder/agoraphobia, little attention has been given to the understanding of its origins. Since there is a high familial transmission of panic disorder (e.g. Weissman 1993), one area worthy of exploration is the potential influence of parenting factors in the development of panic disorder/agoraphobia. This aspect in the etiology of panic disorder/agoraphobia was emphasized very early on by Goldstein and Chambless (1978). More recently, Bouton et al. (2001) stated, in their learning theory on the etiology of panic disorder, that early experiences with excessive control and overprotection (e.g. parents who do not respond to their children's needs, requests, and initiatives in a consistent manner) may produce a sense of lack of control and mastery over children's environments and that this may serve as a psychological vulnerability factor for panic disorder and anxiety disorders in general. However, there is a paucity of empirical research examining this possibility. So far studies investigating this question in panic disorder used retrospective data gathered by questionnaires and mainly focused on the two principal parenting dimensions suggested by Bowlby (1977), namely "care" (i.e.caring versus indifference/rejection) and "over-protection" (i.e. control/overprotection versus autonomy granting and independence). These studies consistently showed that patients with panic disorder/agoraphobia described their parents as less caring than did normal controls (e.g. Arrindell et al. 1983;Arrindell et al. 1989;Parker 1979). However, results for 'over-protection' are inconsistent, with some studies reporting more over-protection by both p...

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“…Faravelli et al [36] found that PD patients scored both their mother and father as being significantly less caring and more protective than did the controls, and the differences were more pronounced for the mother. In a sample of PD patients without agoraphobia, Silove et al [37] found that the only significant difference was the higher maternal protection scores in the PD group.…”

Section: The Parental Bonding Instrument and Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A back-translation of the PBI showed that in the Italian version, the original meaning was retained, and a pilot calibration study showed that the original independence of the two dimensions was maintained (care vs. protection: r = 0.16 for mothers and r = 0.08 for fathers) [36]. As the PBI mainly explores qualitative features of parental bonding and there is a lack of instruments investigating quantitative and objective characteristics, ten additional items were drawn up in order to explore these aspects of infant care, and these were administered together with the PBI.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment and Panic Disorder

Pacchierotti¹,

Bossini²,

Castrogiovanni³

et al. 2002

Psychopathology

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A dysfunctional relationship between parents and children can influence cognitive and emotional development and contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD). With the aim of exploring childhood experiences of parenting in PD patients, we compared subjectively perceived climate and objective recall by administering the Parental Bonding Instrument and 10 adjunctive items to 22 out-patients and 22 matched controls. Our analysis showed that DSM-III-R-diagnosed PD patients reported their parents to be significantly less caring than did the control group, while there was no significant difference in objective recall of parenting experiences.

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Perception of early parenting in panic and agoraphobia

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Gender differences in the associations between childhood trauma and parental bonding in panic disorder

Gender differences in the associations between childhood trauma and parental bonding in panic disorder

Effect of maternal panic disorder on mother–child interaction and relation to child anxiety and child self-efficacy

Attachment and Panic Disorder

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