Perception of Caucasian and African faces in 5- to 9-month-old Caucasian infants: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Timeo, Susanna; Brigadoi, Sabrina; Farroni, Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.011

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The bilateral temporal region in infants was selectively activated to the McGurk effect when spoken by an own-race-face speaker and not by an other-raceface speaker. Different brain responses underlying perceptual narrowing have been reported in the development of face perception (e.g., the difference in brain responses between ownand other-race faces; Balas et al, 2011;Timeo et al, 2019) and speech perception (e.g., the difference in brain responses between native and non-native speech; Kuhl et al, 2014). Our findings addressed the different brain responses to the other-race effect in the context of the McGurk effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This study shed light on the different brain responses to ownrace and other-race faces in the McGurk effect. Previous studies have reported the different brain responses of face processing between own-race and other-race conditions (e.g., Balas et al, 2011;Timeo et al, 2019) and those of speech processing between native and non-native speech (e.g., Kuhl et al, 2014). However, those of the McGurk effect have not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

2020

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Previous studies have revealed perceptual narrowing for the own-race-face in face discrimination, but this phenomenon is poorly understood in face and voice integration. We focused on infants' brain responses to the McGurk effect to examine whether the other-race effect occurs in the activation patterns. In Experiment 1, we conducted fNIRS measurements to find the presence of a mapping of the McGurk effect in Japanese 8to 9-month-old infants and to examine the difference between the activation patterns in response to own-race-face and other-race-face stimuli. We used two race-face conditions, own-race-face (East Asian) and other-race-face (Caucasian), each of which contained audiovisual-matched and McGurk-type stimuli. While the infants (N = 34) were observing each speech stimulus for each race, we measured cerebral hemoglobin concentrations in bilateral temporal brain regions. The results showed that in the own-race-face condition, audiovisual-matched stimuli induced the activation of the left temporal region, and the McGurk stimuli induced the activation of the bilateral temporal regions. No significant activations were found in the other-race-face condition. These results mean that the McGurk effect occurred only in the own-race-face condition. In Experiment 2, we used a familiarization/novelty preference procedure to confirm that the infants (N = 28) could perceive the McGurk effect in the own-race-face condition but not that of the other-race-face. The behavioral data supported the results of the fNIRS data, implying the presence of narrowing for the own-race face in the McGurk effect. These results suggest that narrowing of the McGurk effect may be involved in the development of relatively high-order processing, such as face-to-face communication with people surrounding the infant. We discuss the hypothesis that perceptual narrowing is a modality-general, pan-sensory process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

2020

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“…Increasingly efficient, but biased, face processing during the first year may reflect changes in the underlying neural systems supporting perceptual processing of faces. Electrophysiological markers and functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy measures of face processing in posterior brain regions emerge gradually over the first year of life (e.g., Scott & Nelson, 2006; Timeo, Brigadoi, & Farroni, 2017; Vogel et al, 2012). Two specific topographic changes are also reported in infants.…”

Section: Level 6: Further Specializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Perceptual Learning Interact in the Development of the Other-Race Effect

Markant

Scott

2018

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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Attention is a fundamental mechanism that is available from birth and supports the emergence of complex perceptual and cognitive skills. Face processing is among these skills. Between approximately 3 and 9 months of age, infants maintain their sensitivity to differentiate faces within frequently experienced groups (e.g., their own race). However, differentiation of faces from within unfamiliar groups (e.g., other races) becomes more difficult (e.g., Kelly et al., 2009; Vogel, Monesson, & Scott, 2012). This decline in sensitivity to discriminate faces within unfamiliar groups, called perceptual narrowing (Scott, Pascalis, & Nelson, 2007), is hypothesized to be the origin of adult biases in face recognition, including the other-race effect (ORE). Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain perceptual narrowing (e.g.,

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“…As the number of fNIRS publications on neurodevelopment continues to grow, so does the range of topics it is being used to investigate. For example, the past year has seen the publication of fNIRS infant studies focusing on speech processing [4,5], social perception and interaction [6], and face perception [7,8], alongside studies investigating more complex processing networks such as mimicry and self-perception [9,10], touch [11][12][13][14] and live interaction [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

fNIRS for Tracking Brain Development in the Context of Global Health Projects

et al. 2019

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Over the past 25 years, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a valuable tool to study brain function, and it is in younger participants where it has found, arguably, its most successful application. Thanks to its infant-friendly features, the technology has helped shape research in the neurocognitive development field by contributing to our understanding of the neural underpinnings of sensory perception and socio-cognitive skills. Furthermore, it has provided avenues of exploration for markers of compromised brain development. Advances in fNIRS instrumentation and methods have enabled the next step in the evolution of its applications including the investigation of the effects of complex and interacting socio-economic and environmental adversities on brain development. To do this, it is necessary to take fNIRS out of well-resourced research labs (the majority located in high-income countries) to study at-risk populations in resource-poor settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here we review the use of this technology in global health studies, we discuss the implementation of fNIRS studies in LMICs with a particular emphasis on the Brain Imaging for Global Health (BRIGHT) project, and we consider its potential in this emerging field.

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Perception of Caucasian and African faces in 5- to 9-month-old Caucasian infants: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

Attention and Perceptual Learning Interact in the Development of the Other-Race Effect

fNIRS for Tracking Brain Development in the Context of Global Health Projects

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