Perception and practice regarding infection control measures in Radiology department during pre-COVID and COVID times—A survey among radiologists and a review of current concepts and literature
Abstract:Aim:
In this study, we aim to evaluate the perception and practice of IPC measures by Radiologists during pre-COVID and present COVID times, while conducting a thorough review of current concepts and literature, to provide a standard operating procedure (SOP) for radiology operations.
Methods:
This study was conducted by Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE, Mangalore. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, … Show more
“…2 . There were three main types of literature included: eleven incident report reviews or case studies [ 20 – 30 ], five literature reviews [ 2 , 31 – 34 ], and thirty articles that employed data collection or clinical evaluations [ 35 – 64 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most reported geographic location of the MID where data collection occurred (rather than authors’ affiliation) was Germany ( n = 6). The type of data collection methods used most commonly were surveys/questionnaires [ 42 , 43 , 48 – 51 , 53 – 55 , 57 – 64 ], followed by microbial analysis [ 35 , 37 – 44 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 54 , 56 ], simulation studies [ 35 , 36 , 38 , 52 ], direct observation or review of practice [ 44 , 49 , 51 ], timing [ 41 , 43 ], and animal studies [ 45 ], as described in Table 3 . The number of citing texts including each of the five SEIPS domains for studies that included data collection is shown in Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies that examined staff’s knowledge of IPC provided a range of insights from different professions. From a sample of 152 radiologists, Srivatstava et al found that just over 50% of study participants had never attended a training session on IPC prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the majority (86%) indicated that their knowledge on IPC had improved during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 64 ]. Another study [ 57 ] described poor compliance with infection control practices among dental radiographers, and compliance was inconsistent across demographic factors and types of infection control practices.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies that evaluated or discussed the relationship between medical imaging organisational factors, such as organisation culture, staffing number, interdisciplinary communication and collaboration and incident reporting were not evident in the included literature. However, Source control, early detection of suspected COVID-19 cases followed by immediate isolation of such patients, establishment of efficient central coordination between hospital IPC centre, and the radiology department were highlighted by Srivastava et al, [ 64 ]. It was also noted that 54% of radiologists had not had any formal IPC training from their organisation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 64 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, Source control, early detection of suspected COVID-19 cases followed by immediate isolation of such patients, establishment of efficient central coordination between hospital IPC centre, and the radiology department were highlighted by Srivastava et al, [ 64 ]. It was also noted that 54% of radiologists had not had any formal IPC training from their organisation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 64 ].…”
Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices are key to preventing and controlling the spread of pathogens in medical imaging departments (MIDs). The objective of this scoping review was to synthesise information about current research in MID regarding IPC and to use the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model to identify the work system factors (‘persons’, ‘organisation’, ‘tools and technology’, ‘tasks’ and ‘environment’) influencing the practice of IPC, in order to better understand challenges and facilitators that affect IPC in MID. Predefined search terms and medical subject headings relating to IPC in the medical imaging setting were used to search 3 databases. A total of 46 publications met the inclusion criteria, which combined, encompassed all five SEIPS domains influencing IPC. The literature supports the interrelated nature of the five SEIPS domains, and influence to one another. Hand hygiene was a major focus of publications. Mechanisms of infection in contrast-enhanced computed tomography were most reported, with human error, lack of education, and issues associated with devices and processes mechanisms found to influence IPC breaches. A systems approach, such as the SEIPS model, is useful for understanding barriers and hence opportunities for improvement of IPC in the medical imaging setting. Future studies should address individuals’ decision-making processes in the medical imaging setting, and a greater focus should be placed into the procedural steps, education and tools used for contrast media administration.
Critical relevance statement
A systems approach, such as the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, is useful for understanding barriers and hence opportunities for improvement of IPC in the medical imaging setting.
Graphical Abstract
Key points
IPC in the medical imaging setting would benefit from a systems approach.
The role of education and monitoring of IPC compliance requires further research.
Geographical location is a key variable in IPC research in medical imaging.
“…2 . There were three main types of literature included: eleven incident report reviews or case studies [ 20 – 30 ], five literature reviews [ 2 , 31 – 34 ], and thirty articles that employed data collection or clinical evaluations [ 35 – 64 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most reported geographic location of the MID where data collection occurred (rather than authors’ affiliation) was Germany ( n = 6). The type of data collection methods used most commonly were surveys/questionnaires [ 42 , 43 , 48 – 51 , 53 – 55 , 57 – 64 ], followed by microbial analysis [ 35 , 37 – 44 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 54 , 56 ], simulation studies [ 35 , 36 , 38 , 52 ], direct observation or review of practice [ 44 , 49 , 51 ], timing [ 41 , 43 ], and animal studies [ 45 ], as described in Table 3 . The number of citing texts including each of the five SEIPS domains for studies that included data collection is shown in Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies that examined staff’s knowledge of IPC provided a range of insights from different professions. From a sample of 152 radiologists, Srivatstava et al found that just over 50% of study participants had never attended a training session on IPC prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the majority (86%) indicated that their knowledge on IPC had improved during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 64 ]. Another study [ 57 ] described poor compliance with infection control practices among dental radiographers, and compliance was inconsistent across demographic factors and types of infection control practices.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies that evaluated or discussed the relationship between medical imaging organisational factors, such as organisation culture, staffing number, interdisciplinary communication and collaboration and incident reporting were not evident in the included literature. However, Source control, early detection of suspected COVID-19 cases followed by immediate isolation of such patients, establishment of efficient central coordination between hospital IPC centre, and the radiology department were highlighted by Srivastava et al, [ 64 ]. It was also noted that 54% of radiologists had not had any formal IPC training from their organisation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 64 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, Source control, early detection of suspected COVID-19 cases followed by immediate isolation of such patients, establishment of efficient central coordination between hospital IPC centre, and the radiology department were highlighted by Srivastava et al, [ 64 ]. It was also noted that 54% of radiologists had not had any formal IPC training from their organisation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 64 ].…”
Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices are key to preventing and controlling the spread of pathogens in medical imaging departments (MIDs). The objective of this scoping review was to synthesise information about current research in MID regarding IPC and to use the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model to identify the work system factors (‘persons’, ‘organisation’, ‘tools and technology’, ‘tasks’ and ‘environment’) influencing the practice of IPC, in order to better understand challenges and facilitators that affect IPC in MID. Predefined search terms and medical subject headings relating to IPC in the medical imaging setting were used to search 3 databases. A total of 46 publications met the inclusion criteria, which combined, encompassed all five SEIPS domains influencing IPC. The literature supports the interrelated nature of the five SEIPS domains, and influence to one another. Hand hygiene was a major focus of publications. Mechanisms of infection in contrast-enhanced computed tomography were most reported, with human error, lack of education, and issues associated with devices and processes mechanisms found to influence IPC breaches. A systems approach, such as the SEIPS model, is useful for understanding barriers and hence opportunities for improvement of IPC in the medical imaging setting. Future studies should address individuals’ decision-making processes in the medical imaging setting, and a greater focus should be placed into the procedural steps, education and tools used for contrast media administration.
Critical relevance statement
A systems approach, such as the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, is useful for understanding barriers and hence opportunities for improvement of IPC in the medical imaging setting.
Graphical Abstract
Key points
IPC in the medical imaging setting would benefit from a systems approach.
The role of education and monitoring of IPC compliance requires further research.
Geographical location is a key variable in IPC research in medical imaging.
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