Perception and Interpretation of Police Response to Armed Assailants

Sharps, Matthew J.; Hess, Adam B.

doi:10.1037/e579822007-001

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This scene is one of a number previously used in the systematic studies of eyewitness memory referenced earlier. These studies were initially intended to bridge a long‐standing gap in the literature between studies of high experimental precision but limited ecological validity and those of high ecological validity but limited experimental control (Sharps et al , ; Sharps & Hess, ; Sharps et al , ). Convergent evidence from these experiments suggests that materials such as the scene used here strike a relatively good balance between the frequently opposed necessities for strong experimental control and reasonable field validity (see Sharps, , for full discussion of these issues).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of studies, we have used standardised stimulus materials in tightly controlled settings to address specific issues in eyewitness cognition (e.g., Sharps, Hess, Casner, Ranes, & Jones, ; Sharps, Janigian, Hess, & Hayward, ) and related areas (Sharps & Hess, ; Sharps, Newborg, Glaser, Hayward, & Scholl, ; reviewed and summarised in Sharps, ). These stimulus materials and methods were designed in collaboration with police field training officers, highly experienced and expert in modern law enforcement tactics, in order to maximise field validity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repetition and Reconfiguration: Demand‐Based Confabulation in Initial Eyewitness Memory

Sharps

Herrera

Dunn

et al. 2012

Journal Invest Psychology

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Repeated recall, as a result of repeated questioning, is typical of situations involving eyewitness evidence. The present study addressed questions of eyewitness performance with reference to repeated questioning in an initial interview, in a format based on actual police procedures. This experiment focused on eyewitness accuracy, eyewitness confidence, and the addition of false details to eyewitness accounts. Ninety‐two adult respondents were asked to recall all the information they could from a single viewing of a scene depicting an assailant aiming a handgun at a victim. This initial question was followed by three additional questions, in which respondents were asked to report any additional details they could recall. On average, respondents provided several times as many correct as false details to the initial question. However, performance deteriorated significantly to the three subsequent questions; on average, across the three subsequent questions, witnesses recalled nearly as much false as accurate information. Witness confidence was positively related to amount of accurate information recalled. However, confidence was also positively related to the number of instances of erroneous recall. These results indicate that reconfigurative dynamics begin to operate, producing confabulated responses in response to questioning demands, as early as the initial interview. This work may also help to clarify the critical relationship between accuracy and confidence in eyewitness reportage, at least within the framework reflected by the present research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetition and Reconfiguration: Demand‐Based Confabulation in Initial Eyewitness Memory

Sharps

Herrera

Dunn

et al. 2012

Journal Invest Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most research into police behavior has used quantitative methods, an approach that has provided tremendous insight into various research topics related to policing, including the use of force. For example, Sharps and Hess (2008) noted that citizens used deadly force in simulated scenarios and demonstrated a very low capacity for distinguishing weapons from random objects. Correll et al (2007) compared police officers to citizens in simulated use-of-force scenarios and noted that police officers outperformed citizens.…”

Section: Research Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correll et al (2007) examined the decision to use deadly force in simulated scenarios and found that citizens were more likely than police officers to use deadly force against persons of color. Sharps and Hess (2008) also examined citizen decisions to use deadly force in simulated scenarios, finding that citizens were likely to misinterpret ordinary objects as weapons.…”

Section: Chapter Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerns over the use of force by police are not new. Sharps and Hess (2008) examined citizen perceptions and decisions related to the use of force by police and concluded that most civilians demonstrated a very low capacity for distinguishing weapons while also not wanting the police to use force in incidents where they used force. Correll et al (2007) also conducted a study to examine citizen performance in use of force scenarios and found that the community set significantly lower criteria than police officers for deciding to use deadly force.…”

Section: Deadly Force Representations and Perceptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shades of blue : an interpretative phenomological analysis of non-white police instructors regarding highly publicized uses of force by law enforcement

Ballard¹

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problems between police and communities of color such as incidents of abuse of authority, distrust, and expectations regarding the use of deadly force. The problems have persisted, if not intensified, over the years and warrant additional examination. The current context of policing in the United States is centered on racial issues. A quick internet search will locate countless controversial videos highlighting differences between the race of the officer and individuals involved in or present when the officer uses force. Research into race and the use of force by police has led to conclusions that either persons of color are more likely to engage in criminal activity and therefore interact more frequently with the police, or that police hold a biased view persons of color as threatening and therefore seek them out on a more regular basis (James, Klinger, & Vila, 2014). Additionally, Americans who are persons of color are less likely than White Americans to support the use of force by police (Halim & Stiles, 2001; Johnson & Kuhns, 2009; Thompson & Lee, 2004). Missing from these studies are the perspectives of officers of color in relation to these issues. This problem informs this study: police officers of color are uniquely situated in the relationship between law enforcement and persons of color. The purpose of this IPA study was to explore how seven police instructors of color experience the impact of high-profile and widely publicized incidents of the use of force on persons of color.

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Instructional Strategies for Training Military-Relevant Perceptual-Cognitive Skills

Vogel-Walcutt¹,

Fiorella

Malone³

2013

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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at Santa Barbara A growing body of research evidence suggests that essential perceptual-cognitive skills can be enhanced through training. Despite this success, at present, these skills have been studied in relative isolation and across many domains, resulting in a research literature that lacks a coherent framework for clearly matching specific perceptual skills to specific training interventions. In response, this paper reviews the available literature that investigates the effectiveness of interventions aimed at training military-relevant perceptualcognitive skills (e.g., situation awareness, anticipatory skills), organizes these interventions and skills into a usable framework, and provides concrete, research-based recommendations for training specific skills.

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Perception and Interpretation of Police Response to Armed Assailants

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Repetition and Reconfiguration: Demand‐Based Confabulation in Initial Eyewitness Memory

Repetition and Reconfiguration: Demand‐Based Confabulation in Initial Eyewitness Memory

Shades of blue : an interpretative phenomological analysis of non-white police instructors regarding highly publicized uses of force by law enforcement

Instructional Strategies for Training Military-Relevant Perceptual-Cognitive Skills

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