Percepción de conocimiento sobre las demencias en profesionales de la salud de Chile

Olavarría, Loreto; Mardones, C.; Delgado, Carolina; Slachevsky, Andrea

doi:10.4067/s0034-98872016001000019

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there are some limitations and suggestions to consider for further research. Even though all the participants had a degree of cognitive impairment, dementia diagnosis was not always given by a specialist physician (geriatrician, neurologist, etc) which might have biased the selection of participants [44]. Despite this, the sample is representative of Chilean reality where most PWD get their first approach to a diagnosis by a general practitioner, not by a specialist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of unmet needs in Chilean older people with dementia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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Background The needs of people with dementia (PWD) have not been assessed in any Latin American country. Several European countries have already related unmet needs with quality of life, caregiver’s age, burden, stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to identify met and unmet needs in Chilean older adults with dementia and to determine if those needs were associated with PWD’s, their informal caregivers’ and social factors. Method This was a cross-sectional study. One-hundred and sixty-six informal caregivers and their care recipients were interviewed. PWD was assessed about cognitive function and their caregivers answered instruments about PWD’s needs, functional status and behavioral and psychological symptoms. Caregiver’s burden, depression, anxiety and social support were also evaluated. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of unmet needs in Chilean PWD. Results The most frequent met needs were “Looking after home” (81.3%%), “Food” (78.9%) and “Selfcare” (75.3%). Most common unmet needs were “Daily living activities” (39.2%), “Company” (36.1%), and “Memory” (34.9%). Caregivers’ lower age was correlated to a higher number of PWD’s unmet needs (r s = −.216; p < 0.005). Higher PWD’s dependence was associated with higher number of unmet needs (r s = .177; p < 0.05). The best predictors of unmet needs were caregivers’ low level of social support, high burden, young age and high level of anxiety. Conclusion It is necessary to address psychological and social needs of PWD. The fact that PWD’s unmet needs were associated mostly with caregivers’ factors, highlights the importance of considering both, the PWD and their informal caregivers as targets of institutional support. It is expected that recently launched national public policies decrease PWD’s unmet needs by the provision of new services for them and their informal caregivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of unmet needs in Chilean older people with dementia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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“…Nevertheless, dementia-related mortality data should be interpreted with caution. This is because many people living with dementia are not formally diagnosed (Lang et al, 2017) and few physicians have received dementia training, thus they may underreport dementia as a cause of death (O’Neill et al, 2013; Olavarría et al, 2016; Russ et al, 2016). Since a formal diagnosis is required for it to be recorded on a death certificate, it is possible that dementia underdiagnosis is affecting the accuracy of data on dementia-related mortality (Russ et al, 2016).…”

Section: Dementia-related Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is largely due to the social stigma associated with dementia and lack of dementia awareness both among the general public and healthcare professionals. Therefore, efforts should also focus on addressing these barriers (Romero and Ge, 2007; Maestre, 2012; Olavarría et al, 2016). …”

Section: National Dementia Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia in Latin America: Epidemiological Evidence and Implications for Public Policy

Custodio

Wheelock

Thumala

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

122

118

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Population aging is among the most important global transformations. Today, 12% of the world population is of age 60 and over and by the middle of this century this segment will represent 21.5%. The increase in population of those aged 80 and over, also referred to as the “oldest old” or the “very elderly”, will be even more pronounced, going from 1.7% of the population to 4.5% within the same period. Compared to European and North American countries, Latin America (LA) is experiencing this unprecedented demographic change at a significantly faster rate. Due to demographic and health transitions, the number of people with dementia will rise from 7.8 million in 2013 to over 27 million by 2050. Nowadays, the global prevalence of dementia in LA has reached 7.1%, with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) being the most frequent type. This level is similar to those found in developed countries; however, the dementia rate is twice as high as that of the 65–69 years age group in developed countries. In addition, the prevalence and incidence of dementia is higher among illiterate people. Mortality rates due to dementia have risen considerably. The burden and costs of the disease are high and must be covered by patients’ families. The prevention of dementia and the development of long-term care policies and plans for people with dementia in LA, which take into account regional differences and similarities, should be urgent priorities.

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“…Indeed, some studies have suggested that only 3% of dementia patients are diagnosed by their primary care providers in these countries (Chong et al, 2016 ), and it is estimated that 77% of dementia cases in Brazil go undiagnosed (Nakamura et al, 2015 ). Barriers to dementia diagnosis that are particularly relevant to LA include inadequate physician training (Olavarría et al, 2016 ; Mansfield et al, 2019 ), especially among primary care providers (Saxena et al, 2007 ; Parra et al, 2018 ); lack of knowledge about different types of dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (Gleichgerrcht et al, 2011 ; Custodio et al, 2018a ); language barriers; the stigma associated with age-related health problems; insufficient access to healthcare; a lack of diagnostic protocols; and scarcity of neuropsychological services (Custodio et al, 2017c ; Parra et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

Custodio

Duque²,

Montesinos

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools designed to diagnose mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in Spanish-speaking individuals over the age of 50 years from Latin America (LA). Methods: A systematic search of titles and abstracts in Medline, Biomed Central, Embase, Scopus, Scirus, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO was conducted. Inclusion criteria were papers written in English or Spanish involving samples from Spanish-speaking Latin American individuals published until 2018. Standard procedures were applied for reviewing the literature. The data related to the study sample, methodology, and procedures applied, as well as the performance obtained with the corresponding BCS, were collected and systematized. Results: Thirteen of 211 articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies primarily involved memory clinic-based samples, with the exception of two studies from an adult day-care center, one from a primary care clinic, and one from a community-based sample. All the studies originated from five of the 20 countries of LA and all used standardized diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of dementia and MCI; however, the diagnostic protocols applied differed. Most studies reported samples with an average of 10 years of education and only one reported a sample with an average of <5 years of education. No publication to date has included an illiterate population. Although the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is the most widely-used BCS tool in LA, it is significantly influenced by education level. Conclusions: Although evidence is still limited, the findings from studies on LA populations suggest that MoCA requires cultural adaptations and different cutoff points according to education level. Moreover, the diagnostic validity of the INECO frontal Custodio et al. Brief Cognitive Screenings to Dementia in Latin-America screening (IFS) test should be evaluated in populations with a low level of education. Given the heterogeneity that exists in the levels of education in LA, more studies involving illiterate and indigenous populations are required.

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Percepción de conocimiento sobre las demencias en profesionales de la salud de Chile

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Predictors of unmet needs in Chilean older people with dementia: a cross-sectional study

Predictors of unmet needs in Chilean older people with dementia: a cross-sectional study

Dementia in Latin America: Epidemiological Evidence and Implications for Public Policy

Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

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