Percentages of PD-1⁺CD4⁺T cells and PD-L1⁺DCs are increased and sPD-1 level is elevated in patients with immune thrombocytopenia

Abstract

The present study is to measure the expression of programmed death (PD)-1 / programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) negative costimulatory molecules, soluble format sPD-1 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to investigate their correlation with the secretion of cytokines. A total of 35 patients with ITP were included in the present study. Twenty healthy subjects who received physical examination at our hospital were included as control group. Peripheral blood was collected from all ITP patients and healthy subjects. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the percentages of PD-1CD4T cells and PD-L1DCs in ITP patients and healthy subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17 and sPD-1 in peripheral blood from ITP patients and healthy subjects. Percentages of PD-1CD4T cells and PD-L1DCs in peripheral blood from ITP patients before treatment were significantly higher than that from healthy subjects, but were not different from those after treatment. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-17 and sPD-1 in ITP patients before treatment were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects, and these concentrations were significantly reduced after treatment. The concentration of sPD-1 was positively correlated with the concentration of IFN-γ, and negatively correlated with platelet count. Percentages of PD-1CD4T cells and PD-L1DCs in ITP patients are higher than those in healthy subjects, but elevated sPD-1 concentration in the blood blocks PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, leading to unaffected Th cell function. Elevated concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the blood may participate in the occurrence and development of ITP.

Expression of PD-1 on CD4+Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Tumor Microenvironment Associated with Pathological Characteristics of Breast Cancer

“…Thrombocytopenia patients and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients had a higher level (in both percentage and absolute number) of CD4 + /PD1 + lymphocytes than of healthy controls [ 16 – 19 ]. The particular subsets of CD4 + lymphocytes had reduced proliferation ability and produced less amounts of IL-1, TNF- α , IL-10, and IFN- γ [ 17 ].…”

Serum levels of soluble programmed death‐1 (sPD‐1) and soluble programmed death ligand 1(sPD‐L1) in systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with activity and severity

“…Both PD‐1 and PD‐L1 have their soluble forms aside from their membrane‐bound forms 5 . Recently, several studies have demonstrated that the soluble forms of PD‐1(sPD‐1) and PD‐Ls (sPD‐Ls) play important roles in the regulation of autoimmunity, because sPD‐1 and sPD‐Ls are related to the severity of autoimmune disease 13‐18 . However, any relationship of the soluble form of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 to pathologic processes has not been previously investigated in patients with SLE.…”

<p>Programmed Death-1 Receptor (PD-1) as a Potential Prognosis Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer Patients</p>

“…This may be related to the dysfunctional proliferation of T cell subsets, increased apoptosis, and decreased release of particular cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-10, and may indicate exhaustion. 62,63,[66][67][68][69] The novel approaches in solid malignancies include the detection of soluble forms of immune checkpoint molecules by liquid biopsies. These molecules are important regulators of immune response, including anticancer response.…”

“…This may be related to the dysfunctional proliferation of T cell subsets, increased apoptosis, and decreased release of particular cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-10, and may indicate exhaustion. 62 , 63 , 66 – 69…”